No 5 (2024)

The Warsaw Governorship General played a significant role in the illegal emigration from the Russian Empire, which became a significant state problem at the turn of the XIX–XX centuries. Based on pre-revolutionary legislation and a wide range clerical work documents from the archives of Russia and Poland, the peculiarities of crossing the state border within the Warsaw Governorship General up to the outbreak of the First World War are considered. The proximity to German ports on the Baltic Sea, the existence of extensive networks of emigration offices, the difficulty of legal emigration, the absence of natural barriers and the unsatisfactory state of border protection led most emigrants to choose an illegal crossing of the border. The authorities of the Russian Empire have developed an extensive system of norms regulating the border regime in the Warsaw Governorship General. The rules established to simplify cross-border contacts served to those who, pretended to be residents of the border strip, illegally crossed abroad. The connivance of officials contributed to this. The local population was also involved in the organization of illegal emigration and helped to supply emigrants with legal documents for the right to leave the empire.

The article presents the results of a comparative historical analysis of the foreign policy sections of the programs of the Czech Social Democratic Party and the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia using documents from their current archives. Particular attention in the approaches of the two parties is paid to the issues of the integration of the Czech Republic into the structures of NATO and the European Union. Based on the study of the available scientific literature, a conclusion is made about the need to consider this problem through the prism of two main lines in the context of European integration: security policy and economic rapprochement with the EU. Fundamental differences in the interpretations of Czech Social Democrats and Communists about the prospects for their country's entry into European and Euro-Atlantic associations have been revealed. If the Social Democrats defended the need to “enter Europe” and even into its “core”, seeing this as a significant benefit for the country’s economy due to the free movement of labor, protection from currency crises and a reduction in transaction costs, the Communists called for maintaining the focus on a multi-vector foreign policy of the state – cooperation with all countries of interest to the Czech Republic. At the same time, both parties, although with varying degrees of intensity, resorted to criticism of European institutions. The results of the study help to identify the reason why the major Czech left-wing parties lost the elections to the lower house of the Czech Parliament in 2021.

The article is devoted to the study of Old Сhurch Slavonic verbal periphrases. The concept of «verbal periphrasis» goes back to the conception of Charles Bally, who first drew attention to verbal periphrases, distinguishing them among phraseological phrases (restricted collocations) in French. One-word Greek verbs in the originals of Old Сhurch Slavonic texts can be rendered as one-word Old Сhurch Slavonic verbs and verbal periphrases. The article analyzes the use of one-word verbs and verbal periphrases in Old Сhurch Slavonic within the framework of a small thesaurus Greek-Old Church Slavonic group with the semantics of ‘causing damage’. Greek one-word verbs of the active voice with the semantics of ‘causing damage’ can be rendered by verbal periphrases with the verbs творити, сътворити, дэяти. Periphrases with the verbs приѩти, приимати serve to render the forms of the verbal paradigm of the same Greek one-word verbs but forms of the media-passive voice. The role of informatively compensating dependent words is played by “old” Slavic lexemes обида, врэдъ, пакость, напасть, огавиѥ, inherited, most likely, from Proto-Slavic. The presented material indicates that verbal periphrases with the semantics of ‘causing damage’ were not the result of phraseological calquing of Greek or Latin counterparts but were formed on a proper Slavic basis.

The paper is timed to coincide with the jubilee of the famous Russian etymologist, Professor Zhanna Zhanovna Varbot, and analyses the scientist's fourth book «Memory Storage of the Slavs in Words. Etymological Essays». Numerous merits of the work, which includes articles united in thematic sections, such as «Semantics in Etymology», «Reconstruction and Etymologisation of Proto-Slavic Lexicon», «Etymologisation of Slavic Lexicon», «Etymologisation of Russian Lexicon», are noted. Among the articles there are those published earlier in different editions. The idea of the special importance of dialectal lexicon for the elucidation of the origin of words runs through the book. In particular, the author pays much attention to Russian dialectisms, which often play a key role in the etymologisation of Slavic words and demonstrate their pan-Slavic character. In some cases, the etymology put forward by the author seems to be debatable, so an alternative opinion has been proposed, for example, for the words: bolg. смùне са or slavon. šetrica.

The article is devoted to the prominent Russian historian, specialist in the history of Poland Vladimir A. Yakubsky (1924–2013). In the context of the general characteristics of the scientist's creative heritage, a clear relationship between his social-economic research and observations on the general course of Polish history, including the most controversial issues, is shown. The contribution of V.A. Yakubsky, together with G.E. Lebedeva, to the creation of a collective portrait image of the Department of the History of the Middle Ages of Leningrad University, to the historiography of the history of Russian studies of Polish history is emphasized. It is particularly emphasized that the participation of V.A. Yakubsky's involvement in the implementation of major academic research projects was evidence of the inextricable scientific connections between Leniningrad-St. Petersburg Slavic studies and Moscow Slavic studies.