The Structure of Earthworm Complexes in Forest Deadwood During Moderate and Dry Summer Seasons in Forest Steppes of the Ob Region

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The investigation evaluates the species and functional diversity of earthworm complexes inhabiting the deadwood of the main tree species in two forest types during the time of conducive and dry summer seasons. The objects of the studying are the mixed-grass pine forest and birch-aspen fern forest in the forest-steppe Ob region of the Novosibirsk area, the deadwood on test areas was represented by tree trunks of 2—3 stage of decomposition, Pinus sylvestris and Betula pendula respectively. Quantitative counts of earthworms were carried out using manual analysis of deadwood in the field, according to accepted methods. During the research, we found 9 species and subspecies of earthworms belonging to 5 life forms, most of which are cosmopolitan. The main part of the population in Pinus sylvestris deadwood is made up by epigeic earthworms; a full-fledged earthworms complex has been found in the Betula pendula deadwood. During the conducive summer season, earthworm complexes in each type of forest maintain their structure with slight fluctuations of population density and biomass. During the dry summer season, the Pinus sylvestris earthworm complex retains its structure but changes in the composition of the predominant epigeic species and sharp fluctuations in population density and biomass are being observed. The Betula pendula deadwood earthworm complex significantly changes its structure at the beginning of the dry summer season, gradually recovering over the course of the following period but there are no statistically significant differences in population density and biomass of the complex. The age structure of individual species in earthworm complex in both types of forest during a conducive season is characterised by an equivalent ratio of juvenile and adult individuals or a greater proportion of juvenile ones; at the beginning of the dry season the proportion of adults in the complexes is high, the proportion of juvenile individuals increases only towards the end of the season. After comparing the interannual data of earthworm complexes population density and biomass, it was found that the Betula pendula deadwood is a more drought-resistant habitat for earthworms, than the Pinus sylvestris deadwood.

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S. Ermolov

Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the Russian Academy of Sciences

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2. Fig. 1. Differences in the structure of earthworm complexes in dead wood of common pine during favourable (2022, left) and dry (2023, right) summer seasons.

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3. Fig. 2. Differences in the structure of earthworm complexes in birch deadwood during favourable (2022, left) and dry (2023, right) summer seasons.

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4. Fig. 3. Age structure of predominant earthworm species in the studied deadwood during favourable (2022, left) and dry (2023, right) summer seasons.

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