Композитные материалы на основе хитозана – сорбенты для очистки жидких радиоактивных отходов

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В обзоре рассмотрены подходы к получению хитозансодержащих композитов, предназначенных для удаления радионуклидов из водных растворов. Описаны методы получения сорбентов на основе хитозана для удаления металлов – основных источников радиоактивных загрязнений (U, Sr, Cs). Эффективность использования биополимера для этих целей значительно повышается в результате физической или химической модификации, а также внесения наполнителей. Среди рассмотренных сорбентов выделены наиболее дешевые и эффективные для сорбции Sr и Cs материалы и приведены упрощенные схемы для их получения. Основная цель данного обзора – предоставить актуальную информацию о наиболее важных свойствах композитов в сочетании с неорганическими наполнителями и показать их преимущества в качестве сорбентов при очистке загрязненных водных растворов.

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Л. А. Земскова

Институт химии ДВО РАН

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: zemskova@ich.dvo.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9128-4851

доктор химических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник

Россия, Владивосток

А. М. Егорин

Институт химии ДВО РАН

Email: andrey.egorin@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2599-2213

кандидат химических наук, старший научный сотрудник

Россия, Владивосток

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2. Рис. 1. Распределение радиоактивных элементов, упомянутых в работах, опубликованных в период с 2019 по 2024 г.

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3. Рис. 2. Схема получения хитозановых сорбентов, содержащих оксиды железа (а); удерживание магнитного сорбента постоянным магнитом (б)

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4. Риc. 3. Схема получения композитных сорбентов на основе ферроцианида цинка (ФОЦ-Zn) и ферроцианида никеля (ФОЦ-Ni)

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5. Рис. 4. Устойчивость ферроцианидных сорбентов в статических условиях в зависимости от времени экспозиции в 3 М растворе NaNO3, pH 13; 1 – хитозановый композитный сорбент, наполненный ФОЦ никеля, 2 – неорганический сорбент Термоксид-35, 3 – порошок ФОЦ никеля [42]

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