Magnetron technology for manufacturing electrodes of electrolysers with a proton-exchange membrane

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Resumo

The results of the development and study of catalysts for the anode of water decomposition electrolyzers with a proton exchange membrane are presented. To deposit catalytic layers on a titanium carrier, the magnetron method of sputtering composite targets in a vacuum was used. Iridium and ruthenium were used as the main catalyst, and molybdenum, chromium, and titanium were used as functional additives. The electrochemical and structural characteristics of catalytic coatings have been studied. Using voltammetry methods, cyclic current-voltage and anodic characteristics of catalytic compositions were obtained, including at different temperatures of subsequent heat treatment in air, as well as at different measurement temperatures. The Tafel slopes of the current-voltage characteristics of the composite anodes, as well as the currents at a potential of 1.55 V (RHE), were determined. It has been shown that the minimum slopes were obtained for the Ir–Ru–Mo–Ti catalytic composition (b = 40–63 mV/dec), and the maximum currents for the Ir–Mo–Cr catalytic composition (i = 100–110 mA/cm2 at E = 1.55 V (RHE)). It has been shown that the magnitude of CV adsorption currents in the anodic potential region correlates with the coefficient b of the Tafel equation E–lgi and determines the number of catalytic centers for the deprotonization stage of the oxygen evolution reaction. However, the activity of the catalyst in the OER is determined not only by the number of such centers, but mainly by the functional features of the catalyst itself, i.e., the composition of the catalyst and the conditions for its preparation (including the temperature of subsequent heat treatment of the catalyst in air). Catalytic compositions based on iridium with additions of molybdenum and chromium have higher activity in OER. Structural studies have shown that during magnetron sputtering of composite targets, even with small catalyst loadings, dispersed structures are formed, which on real porous titanium anodes should form on the front surface with a higher catalyst content.

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Sobre autores

S. Nefedkin

National Research University “Moscow Power Engineering Institute”

Autor responsável pela correspondência
Email: nefedkinsi@mpei.ru
Rússia, Krasnokazarmennaya St. 14, Moscow, 111250

A. Ryabukhin

National Research University “Moscow Power Engineering Institute”

Email: nefedkinsi@mpei.ru
Rússia, Krasnokazarmennaya St. 14, Moscow, 111250

V. Eletskikh

National Research University “Moscow Power Engineering Institute”

Email: nefedkinsi@mpei.ru
Rússia, Krasnokazarmennaya St. 14, Moscow, 111250

R. Boldin

National Research University “Moscow Power Engineering Institute”

Email: nefedkinsi@mpei.ru
Rússia, Krasnokazarmennaya St. 14, Moscow, 111250

V. Mikhnevich

National Research University “Moscow Power Engineering Institute”

Email: nefedkinsi@mpei.ru
Rússia, Krasnokazarmennaya St. 14, Moscow, 111250

M. Klimova

National Research University “Moscow Power Engineering Institute”

Email: nefedkinsi@mpei.ru
Rússia, Krasnokazarmennaya St. 14, Moscow, 111250

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2. Fig. 1. Cyclic voltammograms of the Ir–Mo–Cr catalytic composition (ms = 0.321 mg/cm2). 25% O2 in Ar plasma. Tto, °C: 1 – without heat treatment; 2 – 250; 3 – 300; 4 – 350. Electrolyte solution 0.5 M H2SO4. Tmeas, °C: a – 25, b – 50; c – 90. Sweep rate – 50 mV/s.

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3. Fig. 2. Voltamperogram of Ir–Mo–Cr anodes (ms = 0.321 mg/cm2). 25% O2 in Ar plasma. Tto, °C: 1 – without heat treatment; 2 – 250; 3 – 350; 4 – 400; 5 – 500. Electrolyte solution 0.5 M H2SO4. Tmeas, °C: a – 25, b – 50; c – 90, d – 25, d – 50, e – 90. Sweep rate – 50 mV/s.

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4. Fig. 3. Cyclic voltammograms of the Ir–Ru–Mo–Ti catalytic composition (ms = 0.324 mg/cm2). 50% O2 in Ar plasma. Tto, °C: 1 – without heat treatment; 2 – 250; 3 – 300; 4 – 350. Electrolyte solution 0.5 M H2SO4. Tmeas, °C: a – 25, b – 50; c – 90. Sweep rate – 50 mV/s.

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5. Fig. 4. Voltamperogram of the Ir–Ru–Mo–Ti anode (ms = 0.324 mg/cm2). 50% O2 in Ar plasma. Tto, °C: 1 – without heat treatment; 2 – 250; 3 – 300; 4 – 350. Electrolyte solution 0.5 M H2SO4. Tmeas, °C: a – 25, b – 50; c – 90, d – 25, d – 50, e – 90. Sweep rate – 50 mV/s.

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6. Fig. 5. Anodic galvanostatic characteristics (i = 20 mA/cm2): a) Ir–Mo–Cr anode synthesized at 25% oxygen in argon plasma and heat treatment in air (Tto = 250°C). b) Ir–Ru–Mo anode synthesized at 50% oxygen in argon plasma and heat treatment in air (Tto = 250°C). Electrolyte solution 0.5 M H2SO4. Tmeas = 90°C.

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7. Fig. 6. Enlarged images of the Ir–Mo–Cr catalytic composition on a titanium substrate Tto = 500°C anode (ms = 0.321 mg/cm2) 25% O2 in Ar plasma.

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Nota

Публикуется по материалам IX Всероссийской конференции с международным участием “Топливные элементы и энергоустановки на их основе”, Черноголовка, 2022.


Declaração de direitos autorais © Russian Academy of Sciences, 2024