Passage of diffusion-migration current across electrode/membrane/solution system. Part 1: short-time evolution. Binary electrolyte (equal mobilities)

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Abstract

Express-method proposed recently for experimental determination of diffusion coefficients of electroactive ions inside a membrane and their distribution coefficients at the membrane/solution boundary (Russ. J. Electrochem., 2022, 58, 1103) is based on comparison of measured non-stationary current for the electrode/membrane/electrolyte solution system after a potential step with theoretical expressions for the current-time dependence. Application of this method for the study of bromide-anion transport across the membrane was performed in the previous work under the condition of the permselectivity of the membrane where the amplitude of the electric field inside its space was suppressed owing to a high concentration of non-electroactive counterions. Then, the coion (bromide anion) transport corresponded to the diffusional mechanism, for which the solution was available in an analytical form. This study considers for the first time a non-stationary electrodiffusional transmembrane transport of two singly charged ions (e.g. background cation М+ as the counterion and electroactive anion X– as the coion) having identical values of their diffusion coefficients where the current passage induces a transient electric field in this spatial region, resulting in a deviation from predictions for the diffusional mechanism. It has been established that within the short time interval after a potential step from the equilibrium state of the membrane to the limiting current regime where the thickness of the non-stationary diffusion layer is significantly smaller than the thickness of the membrane, non-stationary distributions of the ion concentrations and of the electric field strength as a function of two variables (spatial and temporal ones, x and t) can be expressed via a function of one variable, Z(z), where z = x/(4Dt)1/2, the form of which, depending on the ratio of the surface concentration of component X to the fixed charge density inside the membrane (Xm/Cf ) has been found by numerical integration. The limiting current varies with time according to the Cottrell formula (I ~ t–1/2); dependence of the dimensionless current amplitude, i, on the ratio, Xm/Cf , has been found via numerical calculation; approximate analytical formula has also been proposed. In particular, it has been shown that the passing current is close to the diffusion–limited one for a low concentration of coions at the membrane/electrolyte solution boundary with respect to the concentration of immobile charged groups inside the membrane (Xm/Cf≪1), whereas the migrational contribution to the ionic fluxes doubles the limiting current if the opposite condition (Xm/Cf≫1) is fulfilled.

About the authors

M. A. Vorotyntsev

Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: mivo2010@yandex.com
Russian Federation, Moscow

P. А. Zader

Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: mivo2010@yandex.com
Russian Federation, Moscow

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