No 10 (2025)

More than 180 specialists from 33 regions of the Russian Federation took part in the XV International Scientific and Practical Conference «Innovations for Industrial Housing Construction: InterConPan-2025». The event was organized by Central Research and Design Institute of Residential and Public Buildings “TSNIIEP Zhilishcha” JSC (Moscow) and the joint editorial board of the magazines «Construction Materials»^® and «Housing Construction» (Moscow) with support of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry Committee of the Russian Federation on business in the field of construction. The event was supported by the Ministry of Construction of Nizhny Novgorod Region and Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, as well as leading enterprises of industrial housing construction in Nizhny Novgorod.

The present work aims to investigate the duration of the installation of large-scale prefabricated modules, with the goal of developing a methodology to determine the installation duration of buildings made from these modules, taking into account the impact of organizational and technological decisions. To identify the distribution of time spent on technological operations during the construction of buildings from large modules and to analyze inefficient time and minimize elements of production risk, a time study was conducted. The average time required to install a storey-section of a building from large-size modules, as determined by chronometry, was 11.8 hours. The paper presents the results of classifying operations during the installation of a storey-section of a building from large-size modules into significant and insignificant works and losses. Total time losses amounted to about 6% of the total time required to install a large-sized module. Time losses during the installation of storey section modules are also classified into groups based on the results of field observations. The greatest losses were associated with the selection and design of organizational and technological solutions for the installation of the building. Reducing losses and minimizing insignificant tasks can be achieved through rational selection of organizational and technological solutions. A promising and important direction for future work is the development of a mathematical model that describes the impact of organizational and technological solutions on the installation duration of buildings made from large-scale prefabricated modules.

The article considers the issue of assessing the influence of factors on the duration of construction of large-panel residential buildings. Factors influencing the duration of construction were identified in the process of construction of large-panel residential buildings. The identified factors are systematized into 6 groups: technical, technological, organizational, natural and climatic, design, economic. An experiment planning matrix was constructed and an expert assessment of factor groups was performed at the corresponding points of the plan. The coefficients of the regression equation for assessing the influence of factor groups on the construction duration were obtained. As a result of the analysis of the obtained model according to the Fisher criterion, its inadequacy was revealed. The study included a literature review of machine learning models designed to solve forecasting problems in the construction industry. An expert assessment of significant factors for 20 large-panel residential buildings was performed. In order to obtain the most adequate model of the process under study, data processing was performed using artificial neural networks. As a result of the research, a machine learning model was obtained to determine changes in the duration of construction of large-panel residential buildings under the influence of destabilizing factors. The resulting model can be useful both to the technical customer when making decisions about the construction of the facility, and to the general designer when justifying the adopted construction duration.

The modern construction industry in Russia is facing a serious problem: shortage of skilled workers, especially in reinforcement shops, is becoming more and more noticeable. This is due to a number of factors, including the aging of personnel, low attractiveness of working professions for young people and labor resources general shortage in regions. In such conditions, automation of production becomes not just desirable, but a necessary step to maintain enterprises competitiveness.

The article presents a practical implementation of general provisions of assessment procedure for earthquake-resistance of existing RC building frames using nonlinear static Pushover Analysis (NSP). As an example, the results of calculating the closest analogue of KPS series buildings frame which were erected on the territory of Kamchatka from 1972 to 1975 is considered. The study object is a 4-storey RC frame which was tested in 1968 by a full-scale in-situ vibration experiment. Acceleration record of ew-component of the 17.08.2024 Shipunskoye Earthquake was selected as the most unfavorable for computational assessment. The record was scaled to PGA value equal to 0.35g. Assessment results based on NSP were compared with results obtained by the Nonlinear Time History Analysis (THA). For NSP computational assessment the capacity spectrum method, and for THA the Newmark mean acceleration procedure were used. Damping parameters were assigned considering of the specified in-situ experiment results. Overlaying graphs of hysteresis on Pushover curves are presented. The assessment results using NSP and THA were compared in terms of residual displacements. When a complete loss of operational properties damage level was formed in the frame discrepancy between the results is 0.5 percent; at before collapse damage level – 16 percent. The following main conclusions are formulated. The KPS series buildings frame will be able to resist such earthquake if their frame has a plasticity value of at least 3.0. With an actual service-life period of the KPS series buildings, the residual seismic resistance of the studied frame was determined to be 8.14 with fractional values of the MSK–64. The residual seismic resistance of buildings similar to the KPS series, under earthquakes similar to the Shipunskoye case one, should be simultaneously assessed using NSP and THA.

The article considers the transition period from modernism to postmodernism in the theory of foreign architecture, which demonstrates the change of leading academic scientists and practical architects views on the development of modern architecture, when there was the protest cardinal turn towards the traditional decorative and artistic orientation and polystylism. The article analyzes little known or unknown in Russia scientific works and articles, which allow deeper understanding of the global changes in world and Russian architecture in the second half of the twentieth century.