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Nº 8 (2024)

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Articles

Additive construction production: past, present, future

Adamtsevich L., Pustovgar A., Adamtsevich A.

Resumo

An overview of the development of additive construction production from the beginning of the formation of prerequisites to the present moment and future prospects for the development of 3D construction printing in the world is given.The publications of international citation databases, including the results of research in the field of additive construction production for the period from 1972 to 2024, are considered as the basis of the study.The study is divided into several stages, the first of which is devoted to the analysis of search queries and the definition of relevant keywords.It was revealed that the most popular phrases describing the use of additive technologies in construction are “Concrete Printing” and “3D Concrete Printing”, therefore, as part of the subsequent stage of work, abstract samples were formed on their basis to analyze and summarize the results of relevant scientific research. The final stage of the study included a more detailed study of the main results of scientific works characteristic of three time intervals describing past, present and future trends in scientific activity in the subject area under consideration. The results of the study show a significant increase in interest in the technology of construction 3D printing with concrete due to the realization of the potential to increase labor productivity in construction and reduce the negative impact on the environment in comparison with traditional construction production technologies, which can become a driver of sustainable development of the construction industry.The conducted research makes it possible to conclude that there are still unresolved problems on the way of active implementation of the technology, which are constraining factors for the widespread introduction of additive construction production, in particular the issues of printing horizontal structures of floors and coatings of buildings, reinforcement of load-bearing structures printed with a 3D printer. According to the authors, the solution of these problems should be given priority in future research, along with the development of new formulations for 3D printing with concrete.

Housing Construction. 2024;(8):3-10
pages 3-10 views

Improving additive manufacturing for housing construction

Rakhimov R., Mukhametrakhimov R., Ziganshina L.

Resumo

The use of additive manufacturing in construction can significantly reduce the speed of construction of an object, labor costs, waste, reduce the risks of industrial injuries, etc. Despite a number of existing advantages of these technologies, their implementation in construction is associated with various problems, one of which is the need to ensure the required adhesion strength of printed layers. There are a number of studies devoted to solving this problem and creating effective materials for additive construction production, mainly based on cement binders; to a much lesser extent, these studies are available in the field of mixtures based on gypsum and mixed (gypsum-cement-pozzolanic) binders. The purpose of this work is to develop a scientifically based technological solution for improving additive technologies for low-rise housing construction using gypsum-cement-pozzolanic mixtures (GCPS) by regulating recipe-technological factors that provide increased adhesion strength of printed layers. Based on the results of the research, a technological solution has been developed to improve the technology of additive construction production of GCPM by regulating the kinetics of the increase in plastic strength of the mixture when it is modified with a multifunctional complex additive, which makes it possible to ensure the viability of the mixture required for 3D printing in the range of 0–50 minutes, significantly reduce the defectiveness of the extrudate during the 3D printing process, and increase the adhesion strength of the printed layers. It has been established that the adhesion strength of layers printed without a technological break from the GCP concrete mixture, modified with multifunctional complex additive, is 65% higher compared to the base composition, and when a technological break lasts 6 hours, it is 25% higher, which confirms its effectiveness in additive manufacturing.

Housing Construction. 2024;(8):11-19
pages 11-19 views

3D construction printing as a tool for forming the design methodology of an actual modern object of architecture and construction

Maltceva E.

Resumo

An analysis of the experience of the design and construction of objects of modern architecture, reflecting in an aesthetic image, a high -tech direction and brightness of the image. In particular, the features of 3D construction printing with a variety of approaches and purposes of using this technology in the field of architecture are considered.The purpose of the research and analysis is to bring the theory of technological capabilities, their practical application and the relevance of modern architectural solutions into design methods, on the basis of which it is possible to form general trends and directions of aesthetic images of modern architecture.The article presents an approach to the design of a residential housing facility based on the analyzed experience and selected methods of architectural design, taking into account their subsequent implementation by 3D construction printing.

Housing Construction. 2024;(8):20-28
pages 20-28 views

Technology for protecting building envelopes in construction using magnetron sputtering

Fedosov S., Fedoseev V., Gorberg B., Voronov V.

Resumo

The global environmental agenda is aimed at saving energy resources in all areas of human activity. An important condition for energy saving and increasing energy efficiency is the thermal protection of buildings and structures of all types. Currently, when designing and constructing buildings, structurally oriented solutions are needed to provide conditions for the implementation of modern innovative technologies. At the same time, when producing new thermal insulation (heat-protective) materials, it is necessary to take into account such important issues as environmental friendliness and ensuring a comfortable microclimate. Issues of indoor air exchange are extremely important, especially during the spread of new viral infections. Thermal insulation (thermal protection) of buildings must ensure air circulation, that is, be vapor permeable. Polyester material has this property. Modern technologies make it possible to impart heat-reflecting properties to such materials by applying metallized nanolayers or their compounds to their surface. Among the methods for applying such layers, a special place is occupied by the magnetron sputtering method, which is used in the technology of applying protective coatings to the surface of products made from roll and sheet materials. With the development of applied technological research in the chemical industry, many substances (compounds) were invented, some of which gained such popularity that they began to be used in the production of a huge number of materials, including in the construction industry. One of these substances was polyester as a high-molecular compound, which became widely used in many areas of industry. Polyester material is often combined with other man-made or natural fibers. Among them: cotton, linen, wool, polyamide. As a result, we obtain a canvas (materials) with new characteristics, adding new unique properties, such as strength and wear resistance, does not fade in the sun, and does not require special care. Polyester fabric is used for suspended ceilings and in building materials. Its high density of 250 kg per cubic meter allows this to be done. By combining the production of polyester and cotton, the material acquires the properties of breathability, hygroscopicity and low thermal conductivity. The purpose of this article is to describe the technology of the ion-plasma processing method of combined linen materials with possible application in the construction industry.

Housing Construction. 2024;(8):29-34
pages 29-34 views

A masterpiece of the Leningrad school of constructivism – House of Culture named after Ilyich (Cultural and leisure center «Moscowsky»)

Chernyshova E., Gildina T., Buryanov3 A.

Resumo

Architects of the 1920–1930s acted in the context of the new communist agenda, constructing the spatial environment of the person of the future. The projects of that era realized a dialectical connection between formality (geometricity) and functionality (utilitarianism). Constructivism became the key style of this stage; he was characterized by experiments with volumes, rectangular and curvilinear shapes. House of Culture named after Ilyich, which is the focus of this study, became one of the signs of the time — the era of palaces and houses of culture, where cinemas, concerts, sports, rehearsal halls, libraries, music schools, premises for clubs and circles were located under one roof. The article presents an analysis of the volumetric-spatial solution, the functional characteristics of the building and the history of the existence of the building of the House of Culture, and also identifies the problem of the preservation and restoration of constructivist architecture. In 2020, the House of Culture named after. Ilyich received the status of an object of cultural heritage of the Russian Federation of regional significance. The analysis of the scientific context makes it possible to conclude that today in the scientific community there is an increased attention to avant-garde architecture as a striking phenomenon of Russian architecture and a change in the protective status of the House of Culture building is a positive marker of a change in attitude towards the architecture of the 1920–1930s.

Housing Construction. 2024;(8):35-40
pages 35-40 views

Features of the architecture of modern residential buildings in the city of Vladimir

Koop V.

Resumo

For the first time, an analytical review of examples of the inclusion of new residential buildings in different time periods from the 1930s to the first quarter of the XXI century in the development of the city of Vladimir is given. One of the most important tasks of modern architecture is to find a practical solution to the theoretical problem of the interaction of tradition and innovation. The study of this problem on the example of historical cities in Russia occupies a special place in the theory of architecture, since a valuable historical and architectural environment needs a delicate approach when integrating new objects into it. The valuable historical buildings of the city of Vladimir mostly consist of stone houses built in the classicism style of the XVIII–XIX centuries, which formed the image of the historical center. However, not only the conscious appeal of architects to historical examples of local architecture served to reflect classicism in the appearance of buildings of subsequent eras, but also political and socio-economic aspects. The peculiarities of environmental adaptation techniques used in the construction of residential buildings by Soviet and Russian architects are noted.

Housing Construction. 2024;(8):41-48
pages 41-48 views

Orthodox church architecture of the Kuban settlements of the late 18th – first half of the 19th century

Subbotin O.

Resumo

A retrospective analysis of the history of the architecture of Orthodox churches in Kuban from the end of the 18th to the first half of the 19th century was carried out on specific objects of religious architecture. The historical approach allows us to consider these objects as unique elements of the architectural and urban heritage of the period under study. The special value of Orthodox churches in the concept of forming a holistic environment of urban and rural settlements is indicated. The main means of artistic expression based on volumetric planning techniques, with the help of which the compositional image of the temple is created, are noted. The presented illustrative material graphically displays the scientific content, executed on certain visual images of religious architecture structures and visually complements the text material. Great importance is given to the current issues of integrity and sustainable balance of modern buildings and structures with previously erected religious architecture objects and monuments of historical and cultural heritage.

Housing Construction. 2024;(8):49-55
pages 49-55 views