№ 12 (2024)

The regulatory limit of water permeability of translucent enclosing structures in Russia and the methods of laboratory tests of water permeability are not tied to the construction conditions (climatic parameters of the construction region, building height, etc.). In this paper, we propose a method for calculating the initial data for assessing the waterproofness of translucent structures, taking into account the construction conditions (climatic region of construction, height of installation of the structure). This method is based on the application of standard data from long-term meteorological observations on the intensity of horizontal precipitation and wind speed during rain. This calculation method is proposed to be used in substantiating the design requirements for the waterproofness of translucent structures, as well as during laboratory tests. The use of this method is possible only if there is long-term meteorological observation data on the intensity of horizontal precipitation and wind speed during rain.

The main provisions of infrared thermographic testing of building envelopes, taking into account current regulatory documents and requirements for control means are considered. The infrared thermography refers to the thermal type of non-destructive testing and is a non-contact method. This introduces a number of methodological requirements for its application in practice, which implies a high qualification of specialists involved in diagnostics. The difficulty lies in the fact that none of the modern standards that are considered in the work allows you to fully carry out the entire volume of required field tests of structures, each of them describes the measurement of individual parameters. Some of them are seriously outdated, others are unnecessarily complicated, others mention the use of infrared cameras, but do not give an understanding of how to use them. Thus, the requirements for methodological documents and staff qualifications are increasing, which combine the provisions of individual standards into a single control technology, taking into account the modern theory and practice of the thermal control and calculation models of heat transfer.

The analysis of the preservation of the facades of Orthodox churches built in different historical epochs is given. The issue of thermal stability of building enclosing structures is considered. The importance of taking into account the microclimate of the basements is noted. Examples of the implementation of modern engineering systems that do not violate the historical appearance of religious buildings are given. Further development of engineering systems, including the use of renewable energy sources and their impact on the historical appearance of Orthodox churches is analyzed.

The application of the limit equilibrium method to the calculation of reinforced concrete slabs allows us to obtain fairly simple expressions of the bearing capacity for various loading schemes. Usually, plates are calculated in a kinematic way, which consists in considering a set of possible destruction schemes, of which the one corresponding to the minimum load obtained from the equality of virtual works is taken as the calculated one. The reality of the schemes under consideration and, in particular, the calculated one is important, since otherwise the load-bearing capacity will be reduced.

Currently, there is a development of high-rise and unique construction, which requires the study of new composite materials, the development of new calculation methods, and the introduction of innovative technologies. Pipe-concrete structures are a successful combination of two completely different materials – steel and concrete, combining their advantages. .In the experimental part, pipe-concrete samples with a length of 100 mm were tested with an axial compressive load. The shell pipe and the concrete core were also tested separately. Based on the results of the experiments, longitudinal deformation diagrams are constructed, which are compared with the deformation of a hollow steel pipe. Stress components in a steel cage and a concrete core are determined using the dependencies of the theory of small elastic-plastic deformations. The applicability of classical strength theories has been evaluated to assess the stress-strain state of a core in a state of triaxial compression and a steel shell experiencing tensile circumferential stresses from the internal pressure of the core on the pipe walls. An experimental evaluation of the obtained results was performed.

The study of architectural planning structure of two houses discovered in Ani during archaeological work in recent decades was undertaken in order to clarify their typological characteristics, architectural features and their place in the history of housing construction in the East. Acquaintance with the publications of archaeologists, the field surveys of objects in Ani undertaken by the authors led to the identification of a complex of stable features in these buildings, which made it possible to identify a range of typological analogies in the 12^th–13^th palace architecture of Armenians, Georgians, Seljuks of Asia Minor: the palace of Paron in Ani, the palace in Geghuti, built by the Georgian king George III around 1156, the palaces of Kubadabad, built in the first half of the 13^th century. In the early Middle Ages, this idea was the basis for urban estates of the 19^th–10^th centuries in the Semirechye region of the Central Asia, there were still Sogdians. In some forms, in the structure of a four- or two-column covered courtyard, most likely, the embodiment of the central cell of a traditional Armenian residential building was added to the general idea. Two variants of creating such a cell could be presented in the two studied houses of Ani: with four columns in the corners of the central square and a two-column type based on the columns supported of opposing wooden beams. The probable prototypes of the general compositional idea of these houses in the architecture of Parthia and Sasanian Iran have been identified.