Monitoring of Architectural Monuments

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Abstract

The article presents the main provisions that it is advisable to follow when organizing and conducting monitoring during the operation of cultural heritage sites. It is noted that the existing regulatory documents do not take into account the specifics of monitoring during operation, but are mainly aimed at protecting the monument from neighboring construction.Criteria are proposed to control the technical condition of historical buildings. Among them is the rate of development of long-term precipitation, which is considered as an indicator of the intensity of natural and man-made impacts on the building.Among them is the rate of development of long-term precipitation, which is considered as an indicator of the intensity of natural and man-made impacts on the building. It is noted that for stone structures, critical masonry stretching deformations serve as an effective criterion for the preservation of historical buildings, since in calculating the interaction of structures and foundations they are the primary criterion for calculating the second group of limiting states. In relation to it, the criterion of absolute precipitation and relative difference of precipitation is secondary. It is shown that over time, for buildings built on weak water-saturated clay soils, an increase in the unevenness of precipitation occurs. Special attention is paid to taking into account the accumulated uneven precipitation of buildings of historical development. The article presents the most characteristic types of deformations of buildings, among which in St. Petersburg the bend is most common, which is due to the regularity of building and rebuilding sections of urban neighborhoods.Monitoring is also considered as a reliable means of diagnosing the technical condition of the monument. The monitoring function is considered as a means of controlling the limitations of the monument’s operability, which continues to be operated in conditions of limited operational technical condition.

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About the authors

V. A. Shashkin

Institute “Georeconstruction”

Author for correspondence.
Email: yashashkin@pi-georeconstruction.ru

Candidate of Sciences (Engineering)

Russian Federation, 4, Izmaylovskiy pr. Saint-Petersburg, 190005

References

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. A typical curve of the development of deformation (sediment) of a structure over time

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3. Fig. 2. The reference point of the urban leveling network in the area of the State Hermitage building complex: a – location in the plan; b – precipitation in time of the reference points installed in 1927

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4. Fig. 3. Plots of uneven precipitation of the Exchange building on the spit of Vasilievsky Island in St. Petersburg, built in 2014: a – according to the bases of pilasters; b – according to the bases of columns

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5. Fig. 4. Plots of sediment increments of the Exchange building on the spit of Vasilievsky Island in St. Petersburg, built according to the results of monitoring (2002–2014)

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6. Fig. 5. Data on house No. 5 on the street of the Union of Printers in St. Petersburg: a – appearance; b – plan view; c – plots of accumulated uneven precipitation

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7. Fig. 6. Types of deformations of structures: in the longitudinal direction (according to B.I. Dalmatov): a – deflection; b – bending; c – bending; d – roll; e – torsion; additionally identified characteristic types of deformations for compact buildings: f – roll with deflection; g – roll with bend; in the transverse direction: h – opening «fan up»; i – opening «fan down»; j – roll

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8. Fig. 7. Diagram of the percentage ratio of types of deformations in the longitudinal (a) and transverse (b) direction for historical buildings in St. Petersburg in the area of English Ave. and Pisarev St. (data on 52 buildings located at 18 addresses)

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9. Fig. 8. The ratio of the relative unevenness of the building sediment in the longitudinal direction ΔS/L to the ratio of the length of the facade of the building to its height L/H

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10. Fig. 9. The ratio of the roll of the building in the cross section I to the ratio of the width of the building to its height B/H

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11. Fig. 10. Evidence of groundwater discharge in the direction of the buried streambed: a – engineering and geological section (1 – bulk soil; 2 – bulk boulder; 3 – gravelly sands; 4 – peat; 5 – fine sands; 6 – sandy loam; the value of the pressure gradient is indicated on the red arrow); b – comparison of aquifer levels obtained as a result of surveys (blue lines) and based on the results of geofiltration modeling (red lines) (abs. m)

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12. Fig. 11. An example of installing rotary cameras on screeds to monitor cracks in a single-nave cathedral hall

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