Invertebrates ― Destructors of Leaf Litter in Waterways of the Russia’s Far East

Мұқаба

Дәйексөз келтіру

Толық мәтін

Ашық рұқсат Ашық рұқсат
Рұқсат жабық Рұқсат берілді
Рұқсат жабық Тек жазылушылар үшін

Аннотация

Intact forest areas (IFA) are an important part of valuable natural areas. They represent large areas of wilderness within the forest zone and perform protective, climate-regulating functions, reduce the concentration of greenhouse gases, maintain biodiversity and play an important role in the carbon cycle. In the Russia’s Far East, the processes of carbon cycling have so far been insufficiently studied, especially within forest river ecosystems. One of the first stages of research to understand the patterns of transformation and transport of carbon in river ecosystems should be the study of the species and trophic structure of river communities, the identification of organisms – primary destructors of organic matter and algorithms for the sequential processing of autochthonous and allochthonous organic matter produced in river and adjacent terrestrial ecosystems. The paper presents the results of an analysis of the structure of benthic communities of 22 waterways (44 habitats) located in forested and deforested areas, and identifies 5 types of communities (with 10 subtypes), corresponding to the longitudinal zones of the river and the main parameters determining the architecture and “economy” of the river ecosystem in in accordance with the concept of river continuum. It has been established that the main primary destructor of leaf litter in the upper reaches of rivers in the south of the Russian Far East are gammarid crustaceans. It has been shown that forest cover disturbance leads to changes in the fundamental structure of river communities and leads to irreversible changes in the ecosystem.

Толық мәтін

Рұқсат жабық

Авторлар туралы

T. Vshivkova

Federal Scientific Centre for Biodiversity of the Far Eastern Branch of the RAS; Vladivostok State University

Хат алмасуға жауапты Автор.
Email: vshivkova@biosoil.ru
Ресей, 100 let Vladivostoka Ave. 159, Vladivostok, 690022; Gogol St. 41, Vladivostok, 690014

Әдебиет тізімі

  1. Aguiar A. C.F., Neres-Lima V., Moulton T. P., Relationships of shredders, leaf processing and organic matter along a canopy cover gradient in tropical streams, Journal of Limnology, 2018, Vol. 77, No. 1, pp. 109—120.
  2. Baklanov P. Y., Romanov M. T., Ekonomiko-geograficheskoe i geopoliticheskoe polozhenie Tikhookeanskoi Rossii (Economic-geographical and geopolitical situation of the Pacific region of Russia), Vladivostok: Dal’nauka, 2009, 168 p.
  3. Baklanov P. Y., Tikhookeanskaya Rossiya: geograficheskie i geopoliticheskie faktory razvitiya (Pacific Russia: Geographical and Geopolitical Factors of Development), Izvestiya RAN. Seriya geograficheskaya, 2015, No. 5, pp. 8—19.
  4. Barbour M. T., Gerritsen J., Snyder B. D., & Stribling J. B., Rapid bioassessment protocols for use in streams and wadeable rivers: Periphyton, benthic macroinvertebrates and fish, EPA 841-B-99-002, Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency, 1999.
  5. Baturina N. S., Functional structure of river ecosystems: retrospective of the development of contemporary concepts (review), Inland Water Biology., 2019, Vol. 12, No. 1. doi: 10.1134/S1995082919010048
  6. Bogatov V. V., Fedorovskii A. S., Osnovy rechnoi gidrologii i gidrobiologii (Basics of river hydrology and hydrobiology), Vladivostok: Dal’nauka, 2017, 384 p.
  7. Bogatov V. V., Nikulina T. V., Vshivkova T. S., Relationship between the biodiversity of phyto- and zoobenthos in the continuum of the model mountain river Komarovka (Primorye, Russia), Russian Journal of Ecology, 2010, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 167—172.
  8. Bogatov V. V., O zakonomernostyakh funktsionirovaniya rechnykh ekosistem v svete bazovykh nauchnykh kontseptsii (Lows of river ecosystem functioning in the light of basic scientific concepts), Vestnik SVNTs DVO RAN, 2013, No. 4, pp. 90—99.
  9. Bogatov V. V., Rol’ lesnoi rastitel’nosti v sokhranenii bioraznoobraziya rechnykh ekosistem gornolesnykh raionov yuga Dal’nego Vostoka Rossii (Role of the woodland vegetation in preservation of the river ecosystems’ biodiversity of the mountain-forest areas in the south of the Russian Far East), Chteniya pamyati V. Ya. Levanidova, 2014, Issue 6, pp. 99—103.
  10. Bogatov V. V., Sushchik N. N., Kolmakova А. А., Gladyshev М. I., Allochthonous versus autochthonous carbon subsidies in small river food webs depend on seasonality and riparian tree species, Aquatic Science, 2024, Vol. 86, No. 41, pp. 1‒22.
  11. Bogatov V. V., Sushchik N. N., Makhutova O. N., Kolmakova А. А., M. Gladyshev М. I., Allochthonous and Autochthonous Food Sources for Zoobenthos in a Forest Stream, Russian Journal of Ecology, 2021, Vol. 52, No. 3, pp. 253—256.
  12. Brown B. L., Swan C. M., Auerbach D. A., Campbell Grant E. H., Hitt N. P., Maloney K. O., Patrick C., Metacommunity theory as a multispecies, multiscale framework for studying the influence of river network structure on riverine communities and ecosystems, Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 2011, Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 310—327.
  13. Chebanova V. V., Bentos lososevykh rek Kamchatki (Benthos of salmon rivers of Kamchatka), Moscow: VNIRO, 2009, 172 p.
  14. Chugunov A., Svyazannye odnoi tsel’yu. Kak vliyayut drug na druga lesa i klimat? (Connected by one goal. How do forests and climate influence each other?), available at: https://ecowiki.ru/articles/svyazannye-odnoj-tselyu-kak-vliyayut-drug-na-druga-lesa-i-klimat/ (October 08, 2023).
  15. Crowl T. A., McDowell W.H., Covich A. P., Johnson S. L., Freshwater shrimp effects on detrital processing and nutrients in a tropical headwater stream, Ecology, 2001, Vol. 82, pp. 775—783.
  16. Cummins K. W., Structure and function of stream ecosystems, BioScience, 1974, Vol. 24, pp. 631—641.
  17. Cummins K. W., Wilzbach M. A., Gates D. M., Perry J. B., Taliaferro W. B., Shredders and Riparian Vegetation, BioScience, 1989, Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 24—30.
  18. Datry T., Bonada, N., Heino J., Towards understanding the organisation of metacommunities in highly dynamic ecological systems, Oikos, 2016, Vol. 125, No. 2, pp. 149—159.
  19. Dobson M., Mathooko J. M., Magana A., Ndegwa F. K., Macroinvertebrate assemblages and detritus processing in Kenyan highland streams: more evidence for the paucity of shredders in the tropics? Freshwater Biology, 2002, Vol. 47, pp. 909—919.
  20. Doretto A., Piano E., Larson C. E., The River Continuum Concept: lessons from the past and perspectives for the future, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2020, Vol. 77, pp. 1853—1864.
  21. Dudgeon D., Spatial and seasonal variations in the standing crop of periphyton and allochthonous detritus in a forest stream in Hong Kong, with notes on the magnitude and fate of riparian leaf fall, Archiv für Hydrobiologie, 1982, Vol. 64, pp. 189—220.
  22. Dudgeon D., Tropical Stream Ecology, London: Academic Press, 2008, 316 p.
  23. Ferreira V., Elosegi A., Tiegs S. D., Schiller D., Young R., Organic Matter Decomposition and Ecosystem Metabolism as Tools to Assess the Functional Integrity of Streams and Rivers — A Systematic Review, Water, 2020, Vol. 12, pp. 1—40.
  24. Findlay S. E.G., Arsuffi T. L., Microbial growth and detritus transformations during decomposition of leaf litter in a stream, Freshwater Biology, 1989, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 261—269.
  25. Gessner M., Chauvet E., Importance of stream microfungi in controlling breakdown rates of leaf litter, Ecology, 1994, Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 1807—1817.
  26. Gregory S. V., Boyer K. L., Curnell A. M., The ecology and management of wood in world rivers, Bethesda, Maryland: American Fisheries Society, 2003, 431 p.
  27. Griffiths N. A., Tiegs S. D., Organic-matter decomposition along a temperature gradient in a forested headwater stream, Freshwater Science, 2016, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 518—533.
  28. Hauer F. R., Dahm C. N., Lamberti G. A., Stanford J. A., Landscapes and Ecological variability of rivers in North America: factors affecting restoration strategies, In: Strategies for restoring river ecosystems: sources of variability and uncertainty in natural and managed systems, Bethesda, Maryland: American Fisheries Society, 2003, pp. 81—105.
  29. Illies I., Botosaneanu L., Problems et Methodes de la Classification et de la Zonation Ecologique des Eaux Courantes, Considerees surtout du Point de vue Faunistique, Internationale Vereinigung für Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie, 1963, Vol. 12, pp. 1—57.
  30. Isaev A. S., Korovin G. N., Sukhikh V. I., Titov S. P., Utkin A. I., Golub A. A., Zamolodchikov D. G., Pryazhnikov A. A., Ekologicheskie problemy pogloshcheniya uglekislogo gaza posredstvom lesovosstanovleniya i lesorazvedeniya v Rossii (Environmental challenges of carbon dioxide absorption following reforestation and afforestation in Russia), Moscow: Tsentr ekologicheskoi politiki, 1995, 155 p.
  31. Karta malonarushennykh lesnykh territorii Rossii (Map of intact forest areas of Russia), 2001, available at: http://transparentworld.info/netcat_files/176/221/russia_ifl_map_r_0.pdf (October 09, 2023).
  32. Kocharina C. L., Tiunova T. M., Struktura soobshchestv donnykh bespozvonochnykh reki Bikin (Community structure of benthic invertebrates of Bikin River), In: Ekosistemy basseina reki Bikin: Sreda. Chelovek. Upravlenie (Ecosystems of the Bikin River Basin: Environment. Human. Control), Vladivostok: Dal’nauka, 1997, pp. 116—125.
  33. Kocharina S. L., Makarchenko E. A., Makarchenko M. A., Nikolaeva E. A., Tiunova T. M., Teslenko V. A., Donnye bespozvonochnye v ekosisteme lososevoi reki yuga Dal’nego Vostoka SSSR (Bottom invertebrates in the ecosystem of the salmon river in the south of the USSR Far East), In: Fauna, sistematika i biologiya presnovodnykh bespozvonochnykh (Fauna, systematics and biology of freshwater invertebrates), Vladivostok: DVO AN SSSR, 1988, pp. 86—108.
  34. Kocharina S. L., Troficheskaya struktura soobshchestv bespozvonochnykh nekotorykh vodotokov basseina reki Pravaya Sokolovka (Verkhneussuriiskii statsionar, Primorskii krai) (Trophic structure of the bottom invertebrates in some streams of the Pravaja Sokolovka River basin (the Verchneussuriyisky station, Primorye region)), Chteniya pamyati V. Ya. Levanidova, 2005, Issue 3, pp. 49‒61.
  35. Kolesnikov B. P., Kedrovye lesa Dal’nego Vostoka (Stone pine forests in the Far East), Moscow-Leningrad: Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1956, 262 p.
  36. Koryakin V. N., Kedrovo-shirokolistvennye lesa Dal’nego Vostoka Rossii (Montane pine — broadleaved forests of the Russian Far East), Khabarovsk: Izd-vo Dal’NIILKh, 2007, 359 p.
  37. Kozhevnikova N. K., Dyukarev V. N., Ekologo-zashchitnye svoistva lesnogo pokrova verkhnego poyasa gor (Yuzhnyi Sikhote-Alin’) (Environmental-protective properties of forest cover in the upper mountains zone (Southern Sikhote-Alin)), Problemy regional’noi ekologii, 2011, No. 4, pp. 31—38.
  38. Leman V. N., Esin S. R., Chalov V. V., Chebanova V. V., Prodol’noe zonirovanie maloi lososevoi reki po kharakteru ruslovykh protsessov, makrozoobentosu i ikhtiofaune (Reka Nachilova, Zapadnaya Kamchatka) [Longitudinal zonation of salmon stream by the character of the stream bed processes, macrozoobenthos and ichthyofauna (the Nachilova river, West Kamchatka)], Chteniya pamyati V. Ya. Levanidova, 2005, Issue 3, pp. 18—35.
  39. Levanidov V. Y., Biomassa i struktura donnykh biotsenozov malykh vodotokov Chukotskogo poluostrova (Biomass and structure of bottom biocenoses of small watercourses of the Chukotka Peninsula), In: Presnovodnaya fauna Chukotskogo poluostrova (Freshwater fauna of the Chukotka Peninsula), Vladivostok: DVNTs AN SSSR, 1976, Vol. 36(139), pp. 104—122.
  40. Levanidov V. Y., Biomassa i struktura donnykh biotsenozov reki Kedrovoi (Biomass and structure of bottom biocenoses of the Kedrovaya River), In: Presnovodnaya fauna zapovednika “Kedrovaya pad’” (Freshwater fauna of the Kedrovaya Pad nature reserve), Vladivostok: DVNTs AN SSSR, 1977, Vol. 45(148), pp. 126—159.
  41. Levanidov V. Y., Ekosistemy lososevykh rek Dal’nego Vostoka (Ecosystems of salmon rivers of the Far East), In: Bespozvonochnye zhivotnye v ekosistemakh lososevykh rek Dal’nego Vostoka (Invertebrate animals in the ecosystems of salmon rivers of the Far East), Vladivostok: DVNTs AN SSSR, 1981, pp. 3—21.
  42. Levanidov V. Y., Levanidova I. M., Nikolaeva E. A., Benticheskie soobshchestva rek Koryakskogo nagor’ya, Penzhiny i Severo-Zapadnoi Kamchatki (Benthic communities of the rivers of the Koryak Highlands, Penzhina and North-Western Kamchatka), In: Sistematika i biologiya presnovodnykh organizmov severo-vostoka Azii (Systematics and biology of freshwater organisms of north-east Asia), Vladivostok: DVNTs AN SSSR, 1978, pp. 3—26.
  43. Levanidov V. Y., Vshivkova T. S., Donnye soobshchestva dvukh vodotokov v okrestnostyakh Chaplinskikh mineral’nykh istochnikov (bukhta Provideniya) (Bottom communities of two watercourses in the vicinity of the Chaplinsky mineral springs (Provideniya Bay)), In: Sistematika i biologiya presnovodnykh organizmov Severo-Vostoka (Systematics and biology of freshwater organisms of the North-East), Vladivostok: DVNTs AN SSSR, 1978, Vol. 49(152), pp. 37—45.
  44. Levanidov V. Y., Vshivkova T. S., Kocharina S. L., Biomassa i struktura donnykh biotsenozov lesnykh ruch’ev v verkhov’yakh basseina r. Ussuri (Biomass and structure of bottom biocenoses of forest streams in the upper reaches of the Ussuri river basin), In: Sistematika i ekologiya ryb kontinental’nykh vodoemov Dal’nego Vostoka (Systematics and ecology of fish in continental water bodies of the Far East), Vladivostok: DVNTs AN SSSR, 1979, Vol. 49(152), pp. 27—35.
  45. Levanidova I. M., Amfibioticheskie nasekomye gornykh oblastei Dal’nego Vostoka SSSR, Faunistika, ekologiya, zoogeografiya Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera i Trichoptera (Amphibiotic insects of the mountain regions of the Far East of the USSR, Faunistics, ecology, zoogeography of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera), Leningrad: Nauka, 1982, 215 p.
  46. Levanidova I. M., Luk’yanchenko T.I., Teslenko V. A., Makarchenko M. A., Semenchenko A. Y., Ekologicheskie issledovaniya lososevykh rek Dal’nego Vostoka (Ecological studies of salmon streams of the Far East), In: Sistematika i ekologiya rechnykh organizmov (Systematics and ecology of river organisms), Vladivostok: DVO AN SSSR, 1989, pp. 74—111.
  47. Li A. O.Y., Dudgeon D., Food resources of shredders and other benthic macroinvertebrates in relation to shading conditions in tropical Hong Kong streams, Freshwater Biology, 2008, Vol. 53, No. 10, pp. 2011—2025.
  48. Lin L., Webster J. R., Detritus decomposition and nutrient dynamics in a forested headwater stream, Ecological Modeling, Vol. 293, pp. 58‒68.
  49. Makaka C., Muteveri T., Makoni P., Phiri C., Dube T., Longitudinal distribution of the functional feeding groups (FFGs) of aquatic macroinvertebrates and ecosystem integrity of Tokwe River, Zimbabwe, Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES), 2018, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 16—33.
  50. Man’ko Y.I., Temnokhvoinye lesa Dal’nego Vostoka v svete zadach ustoichivogo prirodopol’zovaniya (Dark coniferous forests of the Far East in the light of the tasks of sustainable environmental management), In: Perekhod k strategii ustoichivogo upravleniya lesami Dal’nevostochnogo ekoregiona v XXI veke (Transition to a strategy for sustainable forest management of the Far Eastern ecoregion in the 21st century), Khabarovsk: KhGTU, 2000, pp. 70‒73.
  51. Man’ko Y.I., Zhil’tsov A.S., Osnovnye napravleniya ispol’zovaniya lesov tsentral’nogo Sikhote-Alinya (The main directions of use of forests of central Sikhote-Alin), Vestnik DVO RAN, 1998, No. 1, pp. 38—45.
  52. Minshall G. W., Petersen R. C., Cummins K. W., Bott T.L, Sedell J. R., Cushing C. E., Vannote R. L., Interbiome comparison of stream ecosystem dynamics, Ecological Monographs, 1983, Vol. 53, No. 1, pp. 1—25.
  53. Morse J. C., Bae Y. J., Munkhjargal G., Sangpradub N., Tanida K., Vshivkova T. S., Wang B., Yang L., Yule C. M., Freshwater biomonitoring with macroinvertebrates in East Asia, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 2007, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 33—42.
  54. Morse J. C., Yang L. F., Tian L. X., Aquatic insects of China useful for monitoring water quality, Nanjing, China: HoHai University Press, 1994, 570 p.
  55. Nelson D., Gammarus-Microbial Interactions: A Review, International Journal of Zoology, 2011, pp. 1—6, available at: https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/295026 (Ocober 08, 2023).
  56. Petersen R. C., Cummins K. W., Leaf processing in a woodland stream, Freshwater Biology, 1974, Vol. 4, pp. 343—368.
  57. Pozo J., Casas J., Menendez M., Mollá S., Arostegui I., Baraguren A., Casado C., Descals E., García-Avilés J., González J. M., Larrañaga A., López E., Lusi M., Moya O., Pérez J., Riera T., Roblas N., Salinas M. J., Leaf-litter decomposition in headwater streams: a comparison of the process among four climatic regions, Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 2011, Vol. 30, pp. 935—950.
  58. Ribblett S. G., Palmer M. A., Coats D. W., The importance of bacterivorous protists in the decomposition of stream leaf litter, Freshwater Biology, 2005, Vol. 50, pp. 516—526.
  59. Sinsabaugh R. L., Large-scale trends for stream benthic respiration, Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 1997, Vol. 16, pp. 119—122.
  60. Surber E. W., Rainbow trout and bottom fauna production in one mile of stream, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 1937, Vol. 66, pp. 193—202.
  61. Swan C. M., Kominoski J. S., Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function of Decomposition, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester, 2012, pp. 1—7.
  62. Tank J. L., Rosi-Marshall E.J., Griffiths N. A., Entrekin S. A., Stephen M. L., A review of allochthonous organic matter dynamics and metabolism in streams, Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 2010, Vol. 29, pp. 118—146.
  63. Tennakoon D. S., Gentekaki E., Jeewon R., Kuo C. H., Promputtha I., Hyde K. D., Life in leaf litter: Fungal community succession during decomposition, Mycosphere, 2021, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 406—429.
  64. Teslenko V. A., Otsenka gidrobiologicheskogo rezhima r. Rudnaya po sostavu donnykh bespozvonochnykh (Assessment of the hydrobiological regime of the river. Rudnaya according to the composition of benthic invertebrates), In: Donnye organizmy presnykh vod Dal’nego Vostoka (Bottom organisms of fresh waters of the Far East), Vladivostok: DVNTs AN SSSR, 1986, pp. 116—127.
  65. Thorp J. H., Thoms M. C., Delong M. D., The riverine ecosystem synthesis: Towards conceptual cohesiveness in river science, San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press, 2008, 208 p.
  66. Tiunova T. M., Khleborodov A. S., I.M. T., Nekotorye aspekty pitaniya i raspredeleniya Gammarus koreanus Ueno, 1991 (Crustacea, Amphipoda) v reke Kedrovaya (Yuzhnoe Primor’e) [Some aspects of feeding and distribution of Gammarus Koreanus ueno, 1991 (Crustacea, Ampipoda) of the Kedrovaya River (Southern Primorye)], Chteniya pamyati V. Ya. Levanidova, 2003, Issue 2, pp. 117—126.
  67. Tiunova T. M., Sostav i struktura soobshchestv zoobentosa mikrobiotopov v metaritrali maloi predgornoi reki umerenno kholodnovodnogo tipa (Сomposition and the structure of zoobenthos communities of microbiotopes in the metarhithral of small foothill river the temperate-cold-water type), Chteniya pamyati V. Ya. Levanidova, 2008, Issue 4, pp. 31‒45.
  68. Tiunova T. M., Sovremennoe sostoyanie i perspektivy izucheniya ekosistem lososevykh rek yuga rossiiskogo Dal’nego Vostoka (Current state and prospects for studying the ecosystems of salmon rivers in the south of the Russian Far East), Chteniya pamyati V. Ya. Levanidova, 2001, Issue 1, pp. 25—30.
  69. Ulrich K. E., Burton T. M., Oemke M. P., Effects of whole-tree harvest on epilithic algal communities in head-water streams, Journal of Freshwater Ecology, 1993, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 83—92.
  70. Vannote R. L., Minshall G. W., Cummins K. W., Sedell J. R., Cushing C. E., The River Continuum concept, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 1980, Vol. 37, pp. 130—137.
  71. Voronin L. V., Chernyakovskaya T. F., Gribnaya i bakterial’naya destruktsiya otmershikh rastenii v presnovodnykh ekosistemakh (Fungal and Bacterial Decomposition of Dead Plants in Freshwater Ecosystems), Yaroslavskii pedagogicheskii vestnik, 2012, Vol. 3 (Natural Sciences), pp. 102—109.
  72. Vshivkova E. S., Nikulina T. V., Klyshevskaya S. V., Drozdov K. A., Zharikova E. A., Problemy zagryazneniya vodotokov urbanizirovannykh territorii i puti ikh resheniya na primere reki Vtoraya Rechka (Vladivostok, Primorskii krai) (Problems of stream pollution located in urbanized territories and ways of solution on the Vtoraya Rechka river example (Vladivostok, Primorye territory)), Chteniya pamyati V. Ya. Levanidova, 2021, Issue 9, pp. 43‒59.
  73. Vshivkova T. S., Bioraznoobrazie presnovodnykh bespozvonochnykh gosudarstvennogo prirodnogo zapovednika “Bastak” (Biodiversity of freshwater invertebrates of the Bastak State Nature Reserve), Regional’nye problemy, 2022, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 34—37.
  74. Vshivkova T. S., Ivanenko N. V., Yakimenko L. V., Drozdov K. A., Vvedenie v biomonitoring presnykh vod (Introduction to freshwater biomonitoring), Vladivostok: VGUES, 2019, 240 p.
  75. Vshivkova T. S., Nikulina T. V., Drozdov K. A., Ivanenko N. V., Chernyshov I. V., Sazonov E. O., Otsenka kachestva vod reki Vtoraya Rechka, raspolozhennoi na urbanizirovannoi territorii megapolisa Vladivostok (Primorskii krai), po pokazatelyam makrozoobentosa (Estimation of water quality of the Vtoraya Rechka river located in Vladivostok urbanized area (Primorye territory) according to macrozoobenthos indicators), Chteniya pamyati V. Ya. Levanidova, 2021, Ussue 9, pp. 60‒70.
  76. Vshivkova T. S., Prodol’noe raspredelenie zoobentosa ritrali reki Komarovka (Yuzhnoe Primor’e) (Longitudinal distribution of zoobentos in Komarovka river rhithral zone), In: Fauna, sistematika i biologiya presnovodnykh bespozvonochnykh (Fauna, systematics and biology of freshwater invertebrates), Vladivostok: DVO AN SSSR, 1988, pp. 76—85.
  77. Vshivkova T. S., Ryazanova N. B., Prostranstvennoe raspredelenie i struktura assamblei rucheinikov (Insecta, Trichoptera) v basseine r. Belaya (Yuzhnyi Sakhalin) (Longitudinal distribution and structure of caddisfly assambleges (Insecta, Trichoptera) in Belaya river basin (South Sakhalin)), Chteniya pamyati A. I. Kurentsova, 1998, Issue 8, pp. 5—20.
  78. Vshivkova T. S., The longitudinal distribution of Trichoptera in a salmon river of South Primorye, Proceedings of the VI International Symposium on Trichoptera, Lodz-Zakopane, 12—16 September 1989, Lodz, 1991, pp. 41—51.
  79. Wallace J. B., Merritt R. W., Filter-feeding ecology of aquatic insects, Annual Review of Entomology, 1980, Vol. 25, pp. 103—132.
  80. Wallace J. B., Webster J. R., Cuffney T. F., Stream detritus dynamics: Regulation by invertebrate consumers, Oecologia, 1982, Vol. 53, pp. 197—200.
  81. Wallace J. B., Webster J. R., Eggert S. L., Meyer J. L., Siler E. S., Large woody debris in a headwater stream: long-term legacies of forest disturbance, International Review of Hydrobiology, 2001, Vol. 86, pp. 501—513.
  82. Wallace J. B., Webster J. R., Eggert S. L., Meyer J. L., Small wood dynamics in a headwater stream, Verhandlungen — Internationale Vereinigung fur Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie, 2000, Vol. 27, pp. 1361—1365.
  83. Wallace J. B., Webster J. R., The role of Macroinvertebrates in stream ecosystem function, Annual Review of Entomology, 1996, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 115—139.
  84. Webster J. R., Benfield E. F., Vascular plant breakdown in freshwater ecosystems, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 1986, Vol. 17, pp. 567—594.
  85. Wetzel R. G., Death, detritus, and energy flow in aquatic ecosystems, Freshwater Biology, 1995, Vol. 33, P. 83—89.
  86. Yule C. M., Leong M. Y., Liew K. C., Ratnarajah L., Schmidt K., Wong H. M., Pearson R. G., Boyero L., Shredders in Malaysia: abundance and richness are higher in cool upland tropical streams, Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 2009, Vol. 28, pp. 404—415.

Қосымша файлдар

Қосымша файлдар
Әрекет
1. JATS XML
Жүктеу
2. Fig. 1. Map of intact forests in Russia (from www.transparentworld). Unforested zones: 1 - Wrangel Island. Wrangel Island, 2 - Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Forest zones: 3 - stone-birch forests of the West Kamchatka province; 4 - cedar-broadleaved forests of the Manchurian mainland province (central cluster of the Bastak Reserve); 5 - fir-spruce forests with an admixture of hardwoods (south-eastern part of Sakhalin, bas. 6 - northern cedar-broadleaved forests of the Amur-Ussuri province (eastern part of the Sikhote-Alin Reserve); 7 - typical cedar-broadleaved forests of the Primorsko-Ussuri forest province - cedar-broadleaved, oak and broad-leaved (linden) forests (Upper-Ussuri station); 8 - southern cedar-broadleaved forests of the South Primorsky forest province (Ussuri reserve); 9 - black-fir-broadleaved forests; 10 - relict liana black-fir-broadleaved forests (Kedrovaya Pad reserve).

Жүктеу (98KB)
Метадеректер
3. Fig. 2. Illustration of the river continuum concept. Pie charts show the relative proportion of functional-trophic groupings in benthic communities along the longitudinal profile of the river; CPOM, coarse particulate organic matter, FPOM, fine particulate organic matter; DOM, dissolved organic matter; P/R < 1 indicates that respiration exceeds primary production (Vannote et al., 1980: modified from Wohl, 2018).

Жүктеу (61KB)
Метадеректер
4. Fig. 3. Illustration of distribution of main parameters and processes of organic matter degradation and transport in river ecosystems: a, b - hypothetical distribution of selected parameters along the river continuum from source to mouth (according to Vannote et al., 1980); c - scheme of leaf litter degradation in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems (according to Tennakoon et al., 2021 and original).

Жүктеу (125KB)
Метадеректер
5. Fig. 4. Carbon fluxes in river ecosystems (from Merric and Richards, 2013).

Жүктеу (51KB)
Метадеректер

© Russian Academy of Sciences, 2024