The Impact of Landscape and Climate Features on Earthworm Numbers in Forest Ecosystems of the Southeast of Western Siberia

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Аннотация

The taiga and forest-steppe ecosystems of Western Siberia are subject to significant climatic and anthropogenic transformations. Understanding the relationship between the number of earthworms, which play an important role in forest communities, and environmental conditions can be used in monitoring the state of ecosystems. The goal of the work was to identify the relationship between the numbers of earthworms in communities of the forest-steppe and taiga zones in the southeast of Western Siberia and the landscape features, climatic parameters of the environment, as well as the timing of material collection during the warm season. The analysis included data on earthworm abundance from 62 habitats. Modeling was conducted by factor analysis of mixed data (FAMD). To identify their correlation with the numbers of earthworms, quantitative data on soil types and vegetation, physicochemical soil characteristics, climatic parameters and categorical data on orographic and hydrothermal zoning, geobotanical zoning on soil types and vegetation, and timing of material collection were considered. In all cases, the observed dispersion was better explained by the hydrothermic zoning of the territory, climatic and soil conditions and the resulting patterns were more indicative of the number of morphoecological groups, rather than individual species of earthworms. The assumption was confirmed that dependence on parameters affecting soil moisture was more characteristic to the burrowing group of worms; in other cases, there was no strong observable connection. Thus, it follows that in the southern taiga and the forest-steppe of the southeast of Western Siberia, the observed abundance in communities will depend to a lesser extent on the month of collection of material than is generally believed for temperate zone ecosystems.

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Авторлар туралы

M. Kim-Kashmenskaya

Novosibirsk State University

Хат алмасуға жауапты Автор.
Email: m.kim-kashmenskaia@g.nsu.ru
Ресей, Pirogov St. 1, Novosibirsk, 630090

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2. Fig. 1. Block diagram of modelling based on categorical and quantitative environmental variables and earthworm abundance data.

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3. Fig. 2. Correlation map of quantitative climatic indices, earthworm species abundance (a) and earthworm morpho-ecological groups (c), confidence ellipses (confidence level 0.95) for the corresponding ordination of communities based on the division by hydrothermal zones (b, d), obtained using FAMD. Notation: earthworm species as in Table 2; total - total number of earthworms in the community; nfd - number of days with temperatures below 0 °C, sw - snow water reserve, shc_5 - Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient for the period with temperatures above 5 °C, gsp_5 - sum of precipitation for the period with temperatures above 5 °C, fcf - frequency of temperature transition through 0 °C, gdd_5 - sum of accumulated temperatures for the period with temperatures above 5 °C.

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4. Fig. 3. Correlation map of quantitative soil characteristics and abundance of morpho-ecological groups of earthworms (a) and abundance of morpho-ecological groups without quantitative environmental factors (c), confidence ellipses (confidence level 0.95) at appropriate ordination of communities based on division by hydrothermal zones (b, d), obtained using FAMD. Notation: bd - bulk density of the fine-grained fraction, nitrogen - total nitrogen (N), silt - fraction of silt particles (≥0.002 mm and ≤0.05 mm) in the fine-grained fraction, sand - fraction of sand particles (>0. 05 mm) in the fine-grained fraction, soc - soil organic carbon content in the fine-grained fraction, ocd - organic carbon density, clay - fraction of clay particles (< 0.002 mm) in the fine-grained fraction, cec - cation exchange capacity of soil, pH - acidity of soil water extract.

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5. Fig. 4. Ordination of communities based on the abundance of morpho-ecological forms of earthworms (obtained using FAMD). Contribution to the formation of the first two principal components of individual categories of qualitative traits involved in the modelling and the degree of their description by components (a), confidence ellipses (confidence level 0.95) at ordination by orographic zoning (b), month of collection (c), hydrothermal zoning (d). Notation: SLP - northern forest-steppe, sub-taiga, UL - southern forest-steppe, Tg - taiga, Bar - Barabinsk forest-steppe, PrO - Priob plateau, Sal - Salair, Gsh - Gornaya Shoria, Al - Altai, Kal - Kuznetskiy Alatau, Ma - May, Jn - June, Jl - July, Au - August, Sen - September.

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