Generation and dynamics of the Hall magnetic field during Sub-Alfven plasma expansion in the kinetic regime

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The paper presents a complex study of the Hall effect during the expansion of a spherical plasma cloud into a medium with a uniform external magnetic field. The results were obtained in a laboratory experiment on the KI-1 plasma facility and three-dimensional numerical modeling using the “particle-in-cell” method. The data obtained are in good qualitative and quantitative agreement and demonstrate that when the plasma cloud expands in a regime where the Larmor radius of ions RL is comparable to the scale of the diamagnetic cavity Rb, a large-scale antisymmetric magnetic fields structure is formed, caused by Hall effects. In this case, both internal and external Hall magnetic structures are observed. The work demonstrates the coherence between Hall effects and the diamagnetic cavity collapse, which occurs as the transfer of a magnetic field by Hall electrons currents at an anomalously high speed.

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作者简介

A. Divin

Saint Petersburg State University

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: a.divin@spbu.ru
俄罗斯联邦, St. Petersburg

A. Chibranov

Institute of Laser Physics SB RAS

Email: a.divin@spbu.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Novosibirsk

I. Paramonik

Saint Petersburg State University

Email: a.divin@spbu.ru
俄罗斯联邦, St. Petersburg

Yu. Zakharov

Institute of Laser Physics SB RAS

Email: a.divin@spbu.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Novosibirsk

A. Berezutsky

Institute of Laser Physics SB RAS

Email: a.divin@spbu.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Novosibirsk

V. Posukh

Institute of Laser Physics SB RAS

Email: a.divin@spbu.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Novosibirsk

M. Rumenskikh

Institute of Laser Physics SB RAS

Email: a.divin@spbu.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Novosibirsk

J. Kropotina

Ioffe Institute RAS

Email: a.divin@spbu.ru
俄罗斯联邦, St. Petersburg

I. Shaikhislamov

Institute of Laser Physics SB RAS

Email: a.divin@spbu.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Novosibirsk

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2. Fig. 1. Three-dimensional structure of the plasma cloud at time t/τ0 ≈ 0.86 . The density distribution and the magnitude of the azimuthal magnetic field are shown in the corresponding color scale. The field lines demonstrate the full vector of the magnetic field. When displaying the plasma density, the opacity depends linearly on the density

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3. Fig. 2. Configuration of the magnetic field B–B0 produced only by cavern currents (a). Time evolution of the dipole Iφ and toroidal Iτ cavern currents (b). Time evolution of Iτ /Iφ (c)

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4. Fig. 3. Profiles of the By (Hall) component in the X–Z plane in the initial expansion phase t = 0.29τ0 (a), at the moment of the peak of diamagnetism t = 0.86τ0 (b), in the late phase t = 1.42τ0 (c), when the sign of the Hall field changes. The arrows show the direction of the currents

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5. Fig. 4. Distribution functions fi (x, Vx) (a1, b1, c1), fi (x, Vz) (a2, b2, c2), magnetic field (a3, b3, c3), thermal gyroradius ρth = Vth,i /Ω, inertial gyroradius ρin = V/Ω (a4, b4, c4) along the profile in the y = 0 plane, which passes at an angle of 45° to the X–Y plane. The distances are given in projection onto the X axis, respectively, the radial distance along the profile is equal to

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6. Fig. 5. Time sweep of Bz, By and plasma density at the points marked in the nodes in Fig. 3a. Red line: main field. Black line: Hall component (By in the X–Z plane). Blue line: plasma density. Magnetic field and density are normalized to B0, n0, respectively. For clarity, the By strength is multiplied by 2.

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7. Fig. 6. Oscillograms of the fundamental magnetic field component: the field derivative (red lines), the azimuthal By component (black lines) and the ion current density (blue lines). The direction of the external magnetic field of magnitude Bz0 = –200 G is shown by the red arrow. The measurements were performed in the meridional Z–X plane in the RM2 quadrant. Each cell in the table corresponds to a specific measurement point relative to the target (shown in the upper left corner), with coordinates marked on the X and Z axes. The characteristic time scale for the experimental conditions is τ0 = 19.6 cm/(70 km/s) = 2.8 μs.

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8. Fig. 7. Magnetic measurements in different quadrants of the X-Z plane relative to a 5 mm diameter laser target in an experiment with an external magnetic field Bz0 = –200 G. The red curve is the derivative of the fundamental component of the external magnetic field. The black, blue, and green curves are the By-component recorded in three different runs.

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9. Fig. 8. Spatial distribution of azimuthal fields measured with magnetic probes in the X–Z plane. The position of the circles corresponds to the measurement points in space, and the color reflects the direction of the azimuthal component (red — toward the observer, blue — away from the observer). Panels a, b — the expansion of the OLP with energy E1 ≈ 10 J (target Ø5 mm) into a magnetic field B0 = –200 G and B0 = +200 G, respectively; c, d — the expansion of the OLP with energy E2 ≈ 25 J (target Ø10 mm) into a magnetic field B0 = –200 G and B0 = +200 G, respectively.

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