Architectural models of forest-forming tree species of the temperate zone of the European part of Russia

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Дәйексөз келтіру

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Рұқсат жабық Тек жазылушылар үшін

Аннотация

The comparison of the structure of shoot systems of forest-forming species of temperate zone trees with architectural models, including those which the authors of the concept of architectural models and other researchers indicate for the temperate climate trees (namely, Rauh , Scarrone , Troll , Noseran , Attims , Koriba , and Leewenberg ), has shown that none of the models is in complete compliance. This is due to the fact that the sets of characters used for describing the models and observed in the studied species do not coincide, and the features characterizing the models need to be either supplemented or clarified with regard to seasonal climate conditions, or are to be replaced with more clearly formulated ones, or are not suitable at all. Six new constructive combinations of characters were proposed for the studied species. The issue of architectural models of the studied species can be finally resolved after studying the structure of shoot systems in other tree species as well as shrubs and woody temperate vines. This will make it possible to identify both new variants of characters and their new combinations, as well as to confirm the validity of the already proposed six combinations.

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Авторлар туралы

M. Kostina

Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “ Sevastopol State University ”

Хат алмасуға жауапты Автор.
Email: mv.kostina@mpgu.su
Ресей, Universitetskaya Str., 33, Sevastopol, 299053

N. Barabanshchikova

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Moscow Pedagogical State University” (MPGU)

Email: ns.barabanshchikova@mpgu.su
Ресей, Kibalchich Str., 6/3, Moscow, 129164

O. Nedoseko

Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod – National Research University (UNN)

Email: nedoseko@bk.ru
Ресей, Arzamas Branch K. Marks Str., 36, Arzamas, 607220

M. Stamenov

Samara Federal Research Scientific Center RAS, Institute of Ecology of the Volga River Basin RAS

Email: mslv-eiksb@inbox.ru
Ресей, 10, Komzin Str., Togliatti, 445003

Әдебиет тізімі

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Әрекет
1. JATS XML
Жүктеу
2. Fig. 1. Location of generative shoots on skeletal axes: a – a single-season generative shoot with a terminal inflorescence. It is formed from an axillary bud; b – a generative shoot with axillary inflorescences. It is formed from an apical bud; c – a generative shoot with a terminal inflorescence. It is formed from an apical bud. 1 – borders between annual shoots; 2 – a single-season generative shoot; 3 – a terminal inflorescence; 4 – a dead single-season generative shoot of the past year; 5 – a generative shoot with axillary inflorescences; 6 – an axillary inflorescence; 7 – a dead axillary inflorescence; 8 – a generative shoot with terminal inflorescence of the past year; 9 – a dead inflorescence of the past year; 10 – a resid; 11 – a generative shoot with terminal inflorescence of the current year formed from the axillary bud.

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3. Fig. 2. Localization of bending of Tilia cordata shoots involved in trunk formation: а – bend in the distal part of the shoot; b – bend in the median part of the shoot; c – bend in the proximal part of the shoot. 1 – shoot of the past year; 2 – shoot of the current year.

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4. Fig. 3. The stages of straightening of the bend located in the distal part of the shoot of the past year during the vegetative season. 1 – a completion of the shoot growth; 2 – the shoot of the past year; 3 – the border between annual shoots; 4 – the growing shoot of the current year; 5 – the current year’s shoot with a drooping top that has completed its growth.

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Метадеректер
5. Fig. 4. The structure of the three-year top of the trunk: a – Tilia cordata ; b – architectural model Troll 2 (symptodial growth); c – architectural model Troll 1 (monopodial growth). 1 – a one-year shoot of the year before last; 2 – a one-year shoot of the past year; 3 – a one-year shoot of the current year; 4 – a death of the apical meristem; 5 – a resumption of acrosympodial growth; 6 – a resumption of mesosympodial growth; 7 – a resumption of monopodial growth. The trunk is indicated by a thick line, and the axes of the II order are indicated by a thin line.

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Метадеректер
6. Fig. 5. Formation of a two-year shoot system based on a sylleptically branching maternal shoot: а– b – formation of a two-year shoot system based on a maternal shoot, having a zone of sylleptic shoots and a zone of buds of regular renewal; c – d – formation of a two-year shoot system based on a maternal shoot, having a zone of sylleptic shoots, one of which overgrows the maternal one; e – f – formation of a two-year shoot system based on a maternal shoot having a zone of sylleptic shoots, two of which overgrow the maternal one. 1 – boundary between annual growths; 2 – zone of silleptic shoots; 3 – zone with buds of regular renewal; 4 – silleptic shoots; 5 – lateral skeletal axes formed on the basis of sylleptic shoots; 6 – shoots from the buds of regular renewal; 7 – a shoot from the apical bud; 8 – sylleptic shoot, overgrowing a maternal one; 9 – skeletal axis formed on the basis of sylleptic shoot and continuing the growth of the maternal shoot.

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7. Fig. 6. Options for the transition from monopodial to sympodial growth of the trunk: a – the acrosympodial growth due to abortion of the top of the shoot; b – the acrosympodial growth due to a slowdown in the growth of shoot from the apical bud; c – the false dichotomy growth due to abortion of the top of the maternal shoot; d – the false dichotomy growth due to a slowdown in the growth of maternal shoot. 1 – borders between annual shoots; 2 – a shoot of replacement formed from a bud located in the distal part of the maternal shoot; 3 – a shoot from the apical bud, slowed down its development compared to the lateral shoot.

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8. Fig. 7. A combined model of temperate zone trees, formed on the basis of the Rauh , Troll , Scarrone , Noseran , Attims models with the elements of the Koriba and Leeuwenberg models. 1 – branches from the trunk formed as a result of implementation of hierarchical structural organization of the crown; 2 – a powerful branch from the trunk formed as a result from the differentiation of the axes of the fork; 3 – a trunk bifurcation .

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