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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Modern Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Modern Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современная онкология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1815-1434</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1815-1442</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">707429</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/18151434.2026.2.203783</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Safety of four intravesical BCG therapy regimens in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: second interim analysis of a phase II randomized trial</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Безопасность четырех режимов внутрипузырной БЦЖ-терапии у больных немышечно-инвазивным раком мочевого пузыря: второй промежуточный анализ рандомизированного исследования II фазы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7754-6624</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8942-0678</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkova</surname><given-names>Maria I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волкова</surname><given-names>Мария Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф., врач онкологического отд-ния №8 Онкологического центра №1 ГБУЗ «ГКБ им. С.С. Юдина ДЗМ», проф. каф. онкологии и паллиативной медицины им. А.И. Савицкого ФГАОУ ДПО РМАНПО</p></bio><email>mivolkova6@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9015-2002</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4189-6387</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gridneva</surname><given-names>Yana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гриднева</surname><given-names>Яна Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, зав. онкоурологическим отд-нием №8 Онкологического центра №1 ГБУЗ «ГКБ им. С.С. Юдина ДЗМ», ассистент каф. онкологии и паллиативной медицины им. А.И. Савицкого ФГАОУ ДПО РМАНПО, доц. каф. онкологии, радиотерапии и реконструктивной хирургии ФГАОУ ВО «Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова» (Сеченовский Университет)</p></bio><email>mivolkova6@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0299-7794</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9736-0400</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Baimashev</surname><given-names>Artur Sh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баймашев</surname><given-names>Артур Шамильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант каф. онкологии и паллиативной медицины им. А.И. Савицкого </p></bio><email>mivolkova6@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7184-0410</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinitsyna</surname><given-names>Ogulshat R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синицына</surname><given-names>Огульшат Ремезановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Head of Dept.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>зав. онкологическим отд-нием Центра амбулаторной онкологической помощи №1 Онкологического центра №1 </p></bio><email>ogulshat@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0847-4449</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Oskarev</surname><given-names>Albert V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оскарев</surname><given-names>Альберт Валерьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Head of Dept.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>зав. онкоурологическим отд-нием №2 Центра амбулаторной онкологической помощи Северо-Восточного административного округа Онкологического центра №1</p></bio><email>oskarev.albert@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1084-1551</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3627-0262</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stativko</surname><given-names>Olesia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стативко</surname><given-names>Олеся Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Head of Dept.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>зав. химиотерапевтическим отд-нием №4 Центра амбулаторной онкологической помощи Северо-Восточного административного округа Онкологического центра №1</p></bio><email>mivolkova6@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9864-3837</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7338-9428</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pokataev</surname><given-names>Ilya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Покатаев</surname><given-names>Илья Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, рук. службы химиотерапевтического лечения, зам. глав. врача по мед. части и научно-образовательной работе Онкологического центра №1 </p></bio><email>mivolkova6@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7356-6779</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Koldakova</surname><given-names>Elizaveta M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колдакова</surname><given-names>Елизавета Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Oncol.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>онколог Центра амбулаторной онкологической помощи Онкологического центра №1 </p></bio><email>mivolkova6@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1258-0922</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Cherniaev</surname><given-names>Vitalii А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черняев</surname><given-names>Виталий Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, зав. онкоурологическим отд-нием №3 Онкологического центра №1 </p></bio><email>mivolkova6@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mushukya</surname><given-names>Georgy M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мушукия</surname><given-names>Георгий Мурманович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Oncol.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>онколог </p></bio><email>mivolkova6@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsov</surname><given-names>Artem A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецов</surname><given-names>Артем Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Oncol.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>онколог </p></bio><email>mivolkova6@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2863-9001</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolotkazin</surname><given-names>Daniyar R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долотказин</surname><given-names>Данияр Рустамович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Oncol.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>онколог </p></bio><email>mivolkova6@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gostev</surname><given-names>Ilya D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гостев</surname><given-names>Илья Дмитриевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Oncol.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>онколог </p></bio><email>mivolkova6@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Umyarova</surname><given-names>Alexandra V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Умярова</surname><given-names>Александра Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Oncol.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>онколог </p></bio><email>mivolkova6@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3293-1697</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ayvasov</surname><given-names>Magomed T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Айвазов</surname><given-names>Магомед Таджибович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Oncol.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>онколог </p></bio><email>mivolkova6@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5734-7318</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsedenova</surname><given-names>Kermen О.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цеденова</surname><given-names>Кермен Олеговна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Head of Dept.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>зав. отд-нием онкоурологии Центра амбулаторной онкологической помощи </p></bio><email>mivolkova6@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bystrov</surname><given-names>Alexander А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Быстров</surname><given-names>Александр Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, зав. онкоурологическим отд-нием </p></bio><email>mivolkova6@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow State Budgetary Healthcare Institution «Moscow City Hospital named after S.S. Yudin, Moscow Healthcare Department»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ г. Москвы «Городская клиническая больница им. С.С. Юдина Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Multidisciplinary Clinical Center „Kommunarka“</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Московский многопрофильный клинический центр „Коммунарка“ Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Botkin Moscow Multidisciplinary Scientific and Clinical Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Московский многопрофильный научно-клинический центр им. С.П. Боткина» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow City Oncology Hospital No. 62</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Московская городская онкологическая больница №62» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>181</fpage><lpage>190</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-05-14"><day>14</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-07-07"><day>07</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://modernonco.orscience.ru/1815-1434/article/view/707429">https://modernonco.orscience.ru/1815-1434/article/view/707429</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Aim.</bold> To evaluate the safety of four regimens of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy following transurethral bladder resection in patients diagnosed with intermediate- and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> This study is a prospective, interventional, four-arm, open-label, randomized phase II clinical trial with a non-inferiority design. The main inclusion criteria were histologically confirmed non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer of intermediate or high risk in patients aged 18 years or older who have undergone transurethral resection of the bladder. Participants were randomized into four treatment groups in a 1:1:1:1 ratio for intravesical therapy utilizing the BCG vaccine: test groups 1 (50 mg, 1 year), 2 (50 mg, 3 years), 3 (100 mg, 1 year), and a control group 4 (100 mg, 3 years). The primary endpoint of the randomized controlled trial was the one-year local recurrence rate, while secondary endpoints reported in this publication included safety and toxicity.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> The second interim analysis, with a median follow-up of 16.7 months (range: 2.5–33.6 months), included data from 401 patients with a median age of 66.4 years (range: 31–95 years). Within the EORTC intermediate-risk group, 93 patients (23.2%) were included, while the high-risk group comprised 308 patients (76.8%). All patients received BCG therapy according to their assigned randomization group: group 1 – 100 patients (24.9%); group – 92 patients (23.0%); group 3 – 109 patients (27.2%); group 4 – 100 patients (24.9%). The treatment groups were balanced with respect to the main characteristics. A total of 133 patients (33.2%) and 184 patients (45.9%) required an adjustment in the interval between induction and maintenance instillations, respectively. The induction completion rate was 96.8%, while the maintenance administration rate was 86.0%. Adverse events (AEs) were reported in 363 patients (90.5%), with 40 events (10.0%) reaching grades 3–4, requiring hospitalization in 14 patients (3.5%). The most prevalent local AEs included dysuria (339 patients; 84.5%), hematuria (45 patients; 11.2%), and nonspecific urinary infection (42 patients; 10.5%). Systemic AEs included hyperthermia, affecting 85 patients (21.2%). Tuberculosis was diagnosed in 3 patients (0.7%). The analysis indicated no significant differences in the safety profile or toxicities among the study regimens when compared with the standard regimen.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The findings from the second interim safety analysis do not support the hypothesis that the tolerability of the BCG regimen can be enhanced by reducing its intensity.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель.</bold> Оценить безопасность 4 режимов БЦЖ-терапии после трансуретральной резекции мочевого пузыря у больных немышечно-инвазивным раком мочевого пузыря групп промежуточного и высокого риска.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold><bold> </bold>Проводится проспективное интервенционное 4-рукавное открытое рандомизированное клиническое исследование II фазы в дизайне неменьшей эффективности. Основные критерии включения: гистологически верифицированный немышечно-инвазивный рак мочевого пузыря группы промежуточного или высокого риска у пациентов ≥18 лет, подвергнутых трансуретральной резекции мочевого пузыря. Больных рандомизировали в 4 лечебные группы в соотношении 1:1:1:1 на внутрипузырную терапию вакциной БЦЖ: экспериментальные группы №1 (50 мг, 1 год), №2 (50 мг, 3 года), №3 (100 мг, 1 год) и контрольную группу №4 (100 мг, 3 года). Первичная точка рандомизированного клинического исследования – 1-летняя частота местных рецидивов. Вторичные конечные точки, отраженные в этой публикации, включали показатели безопасности и токсичности терапии.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Во 2-й промежуточный анализ результатов при медиане наблюдения 16,7 (2,5–33,6) мес включены данные 401 пациента с медианой возраста 66,4 (31–95) года. В группу промежуточного риска EORTC классифицированы 93 (23,2%), высокого риска – 308 (76,8%) больных. Всем пациентам проводилась БЦЖ-терапия в режиме, соответствовавшем группе рандомизации [группа 1 – 100 (24,9%), 2 – 92 (23,0%), 3 – 109 (27,2%), 4 – 100 (24,9%)]. Лечебные группы сбалансированы по основным характеристикам. Увеличение интервалов между индукционными инстилляциями потребовалось 133 (33,2%), поддерживающими инстилляциями – 184 (45,9%) больным. Частота завершенности индукционного курса – 96,8%, частота назначения поддерживающего курса – 86,0%. Любые нежелательные явления (НЯ) развились у 363 (90,5%) пациентов, достигли 3–4-й степени тяжести в 40 (10,0%) случаях и потребовали госпитализации 14 (3,5%) больных. Самые частые местные НЯ – дизурия [339 (84,5%)], гематурия [45 (11,2%)] и неспецифическая мочевая инфекция [42 (10,5%)], системные НЯ – гипертермия [85 (21,2%)]. Туберкулез развился у 3 (0,7%) пациентов. Значимых различий профиля безопасности и структуры токсичности исследуемых режимов и стандартного режима не выявлено.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Второй промежуточный анализ безопасности не подтвердил гипотезу о возможности улучшения переносимости лечения путем снижения интенсивности режима БЦЖ-терапии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer</kwd><kwd>BCG therapy</kwd><kwd>randomized trial</kwd><kwd>safety</kwd><kwd>toxicity</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>немышечно-инвазивный рак мочевого пузыря</kwd><kwd>БЦЖ-терапия</kwd><kwd>рандомизированное исследование</kwd><kwd>безопасность</kwd><kwd>токсичность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The paper was prepared with the financial support of the JSC "Firma EUROSERVICE". The sponsor was not involved in the data collection and analysis and the interpretation of results. In preparing the manuscript, the authors maintained the independence of opinion.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Материал подготовлен при финансовой поддержке АО «Фирма ЕВРОСЕРВИС». Спонсор не участвовал в сборе, анализе данных, интерпретации результатов. При подготовке рукописи авторы сохранили независимость мнений.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Румянцев А.А., Булычкин П.В., Волкова М.И., и др. Рак мочевого пузыря. Клинические рекомендации RUSSCO, часть 1.2. Злокачественные опухоли. 2025;15(3s2):229-50 [Rumiantsev AA, Bulychkin PV, Volkova MI, et al. Rak mochevogo puzyria. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii RUSSCO, chast 1.2. Zlokachestvennye opukholi. 2025;15(3s2):229-50 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.18027/2224-5057-2025-15-3s2-1.2-09</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Vasudeva S, Baffoe-Bonnie A. 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