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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Modern Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Modern Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современная онкология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1815-1434</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1815-1442</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">705708</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/18151434.2026.2.203681</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Options for the third and subsequent lines of drug treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. A review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Варианты выбора 3-й и последующих линий лекарственного лечения пациентов с метастатическим колоректальным раком</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5615-7806</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedyanin</surname><given-names>Mikhail Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федянин</surname><given-names>Михаил Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, рук. департамента науки ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина», онколог ГБУЗ «ММКЦ "Коммунарка"», зав. каф. онкологии ФГБУ «НМХЦ им. Н.И. Пирогова»</p></bio><email>fedianinmu@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Multidisciplinary Clinical Center “Kommunarka”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Московский многопрофильный клинический центр “Коммунарка”» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pirogov National Medical and Surgical Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медико-хирургический центр им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>172</fpage><lpage>180</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-04-09"><day>09</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-06-25"><day>25</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://modernonco.orscience.ru/1815-1434/article/view/705708">https://modernonco.orscience.ru/1815-1434/article/view/705708</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Despite advancements in molecular genetic profiling and the development of new antitumor pharmacotherapies, treatment options for individuals with metastatic colorectal cancer remain restricted, with median overall survival (OS) ranging from 16 to 34 months, contingent upon the clinical context. In this patient population, the majority begin first-line therapy; approximately 80% receive second-line treatment; and around 40–60% progress to third-line therapy. The substantial number of patients eligible for further antitumor treatment after two lines underscores the need to examine the selection of third- and subsequent-line therapy. This review consolidates current approaches to selecting third- and subsequent-line treatments for patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer, including regorafenib, fruquintinib, and trifluridine/tipiracil in both monotherapy and combination regimens. The narrative review incorporates findings from randomized Phase III trials (CORRECT, CONCUR, FRESCO/FRESCO-2, RECOURSE, SUNLIGHT, TASCO1/6), real-world practice registries (CONSIGN, PRECONNECT), network meta-analyses, and ongoing clinical trials (ClinicalTrials.gov, data current to March 2026). The literature review indicates that regorafenib, fruquintinib, and FTD/TPI demonstrate superior efficacy compared with placebo when combined with best supportive care. Notably, the combination of FTD/TPI with bevacizumab yields the most favorable OS, with a median of 10.8 months and a relative risk of 0.61. Network meta-analyses rank FTD/TPI with bevacizumab as optimal for OS (SUCRA 0.92). However, assessments of individual subgroups suggest that certain drugs may be more advantageous in specific contexts. The selection of third-line therapy requires a personalized approach that considers mutational status, tumor location, prior treatments, and tolerability. The combination of FTD/TPI with bevacizumab appears to be the most promising treatment option; however, direct comparisons with regorafenib and fruquintinib are warranted.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Несмотря на достигнутые успехи в молекулярно-генетическом профилировании, создании новых противоопухолевых препаратов, возможности терапии пациентов с метастатическим колоректальным раком ограничены показателями медианы общей выживаемости (ОВ) от 16 до 34 мес в зависимости от клинической ситуации. При колоректальном раке большинству пациентов удается начать 1-ю линию терапии, 80% – 2-ю линию, в дальнейшем порядка 40–60% пациентам проводится 3-я линия. Число пациентов после 2 линий, которым возможно провести противоопухолевое лечение, достаточно большое, что говорит об актуальности изучения вопроса выбора 3-й и последующих линий терапии. В обзорной статье обобщены современные стратегии выбора терапии 3-й и последующих линий у пациентов с рефрактерным метастатическим колоректальным раком, включая регорафениб, фруквинтиниб и трифлуридин/типирацил в моно- и комбинированных режимах. В нарративный обзор включены результаты рандомизированных исследований III фазы (CORRECT, CONCUR, FRESCO/FRESCO-2, RECOURSE, SUNLIGHT, TASCO1/6), регистров реальной практики (CONSIGN, PRECONNECT), сетевых метаанализов и продолжающихся клинических испытаний (ClinicalTrials.gov, март 2026 г.). Анализ публикаций показал, что регорафениб, фруквинтиниб и FTD/TPI превосходят комбинацию плацебо и наилучшей поддерживающей терапии. При этом комбинация FTD/TPI с бевацизумабом демонстрирует наилучшие показатели эффективности в отношении ОВ (медиана 10,8 мес, относительный риск 0,61). Сетевые метаанализы ранжируют FTD/TPI с бевацизумабом как оптимальный вариант по ОВ (SUCRA 0,92). Однако при анализе отдельных подгрупп некоторые препараты выглядят предпочтительнее. Выбор 3-й линии требует персонализации с учетом мутационного статуса, локализации опухоли, предшествующей терапии и переносимости. Комбинация FTD/TPI с бевацизумабом представляет наиболее перспективную опцию, необходимы прямые сравнения с регорафенибом и фруквинтинибом.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>metastatic colorectal cancer</kwd><kwd>regorafenib</kwd><kwd>fruquintinib</kwd><kwd>trifluridine</kwd><kwd>tipiracil</kwd><kwd>trifluridine/tipiracil drug combination</kwd><kwd>FTD/TPI</kwd><kwd>chemotherapy</kwd><kwd>antitumor treatment</kwd><kwd>malignant tumors</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>метастатический колоректальный рак</kwd><kwd>регорафениб</kwd><kwd>фруквинтиниб</kwd><kwd>трифлуридин</kwd><kwd>типирацил</kwd><kwd>лекарственная комбинация трифлуридин/типирацил</kwd><kwd>FTD/TPI</kwd><kwd>химиотерапия</kwd><kwd>противоопухолевое лечение</kwd><kwd>злокачественные опухоли</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The paper was prepared with the financial support of the company Servier. The sponsor was not involved in the data collection and analysis and the interpretation of results. In preparing the manuscript, the authors maintained the independence of opinion.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Материал подготовлен при финансовой поддержке АО «Сервье». Спонсор не участвовал в сборе, анализе данных, интерпретации результатов. При подготовке рукописи авторы сохранили независимость мнений.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>van Nassau SCMW, Höppener FP, Frerichs JH, et al. Real-world treatment patterns and outcomes based on RAS/BRAF status in metastatic colorectal cancer – Analysis of the Prospective Dutch Colorectal Cancer cohort. Int J Cancer. 2025;157(3):513-25. DOI:10.1002/ijc.35410</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Xu R, Wang W, Zho B, et al. 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