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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Modern Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Modern Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современная онкология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1815-1434</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1815-1442</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">70472</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/18151434.2021.1.200762</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL ONCOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ОНКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Detection and monitoring of minimal residual disease in acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in children</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Диагностика и мониторинг минимальной остаточной болезни при остром мегакариобластном лейкозе у детей</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9400-7347</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Palladina</surname><given-names>Alexandra D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Палладина</surname><given-names>Александра Дмитриевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>doctor, Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач клинической лабораторной диагностики лаб. иммунологии гемопоэза</p></bio><email>palladinaa@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5318-8033</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Popa</surname><given-names>Aleksandr V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попа</surname><given-names>Александр Валентинович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof. RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>проф. РАН, д-р мед. наук, проф. каф. пропедевтики детских болезней педиатрического фак-та</p></bio><email>apopa@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1469-2365</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Valiev</surname><given-names>Timur T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Валиев</surname><given-names>Тимур Теймуразович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, зав. отд-нием химиотерапии гемобластозов НИИ детской онкологии и гематологии</p></bio><email>timurvaliev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4349-3023</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitaev</surname><given-names>Valentin G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитаев</surname><given-names>Валентин Григорьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Techn.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор техн. наук, проф., зав. каф. компьютерных медицинских систем</p></bio><email>kaf46@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9630-5591</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernysheva</surname><given-names>Olga A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернышева</surname><given-names>Ольга Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, ст. науч. сотр. лаб. иммунологии гемопоэза</p></bio><email>beznos.olga@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8509-0954</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kupryshina</surname><given-names>Natalia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Купрышина</surname><given-names>Наталья Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, ст. науч. сотр. лаб. иммунологии гемопоэза</p></bio><email>2511@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8389-4737</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Serebryakova</surname><given-names>Irina N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Серебрякова</surname><given-names>Ирина Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, врач клинико-диагностической лаб.</p></bio><email>palladinaa@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shvedova</surname><given-names>Tamara V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шведова</surname><given-names>Тамара Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>biologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>биолог</p></bio><email>palladinaa@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5195-4539</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondratchik</surname><given-names>Konstantin L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондратчик</surname><given-names>Константин Леонидович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доц. каф. онкологии и гематологии</p></bio><email>morozov-14@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3966-128X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tupitsyn</surname><given-names>Nikolai N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тупицын</surname><given-names>Николай Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф., зав. лаб. иммунологии гемопоэза</p></bio><email>nntca@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Nuclear University MEPhI</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет “МИФИ”»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Morozov Children’s Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Морозовская детская городская клиническая больница» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-05-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>148</fpage><lpage>155</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-05-10"><day>10</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-05-10"><day>10</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://modernonco.orscience.ru/1815-1434/article/view/70472">https://modernonco.orscience.ru/1815-1434/article/view/70472</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is a rare subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which is associated with poor prognosis for all patients except children with t(1;22) or Down syndrome. The frequency of complete remission in case of AMKL is comparable to the frequency of complete remission in other variants of AML, and the median survival is much lower. This determines the necessity to update criteria for assessment of the effect of treatment using flow cytometry definition of the level of minimal residual disease (MRD). Nowadays, there are no unified and standardized approaches for the measurement of MRD in case of myeloid leukemia, including AMKL, which prohibits adequate assessment of the therapy effect and in some cases – determination of the indications for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells transplantation. The article identifies diagnostic features and describes approaches for the measurement of the level of MRD in case of AMKL.</p> <p><bold>Aim. </bold>The aim is to demonstrate the algorithms for diagnosing and measuring MRD in case of AML-M7 in children.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods. </bold>The article analyzes the clinical and immunological profile of 10 boys and 4 girls with the initial diagnosis of AMKL between the ages of 3 months – 12 years old, 13 of them have received treatment in the FSBI «N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology» and one – in the GBUZ «Morozovsky DGKB» between 1995 and 2020, The measurement of MRD was carried out in 6 patients. The measurement of MRD was carried out using both morphocytochemical method and multiparameter flow cytometry with megakaryocyte markers (CD61, CD42, CD41) in combination with other myeloid markers (CD13, CD33), CD34, CD117 and aberrant markers (mainly CD7).</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>We showed that adequate measurement of the level of MRD had required detailed immunophenotyping during diagnosis to determine the aberration of megakaryoblasts. CD9 marker (100%), CD33 myeloid marker (69.2%), stem cell antigen CD34 (46.2%), CD13 (38.2%) in addition to megakaryocyte markers (100%) were most often expressed on blast cells in case of AMKL. The CD117 antigen was present on the blasts in 33.3% of cases. The expression of the T-cell-associated CD7 antigen (46.2%) was frequent. The measurement of MRD was carried out during the treatment (usually after an induction course) on the basis of the markers of megakaryocytic cell line (CD61, CD41, CD42a, CD42b), weak CD45 expression, as well as the immunophenotype characteristics during initial diagnosis. The level of MRD ranged from completely negative (0%; 0.006%) to evident (1.05%).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>The detection of residual tumor megakaryoblasts in case of AML-M7 using flow cytometry is a promising method to evaluate the effect of therapy. The adequate measurement of the level of MRD requires detailed immunophenotyping during the diagnosis to determine the aberration of megakaryoblasts.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Острый мегакариобластный лейкоз (ОМегЛ) – это редкий вариант острого миелоидного лейкоза (ОМЛ), который характеризуется неблагоприятным прогнозом для всех пациентов, кроме детей с t(1;22) или с синдромом Дауна. Частота полных ремиссий при ОМегЛ сравнима с таковой при других вариантах ОМЛ, при этом медиана выживаемости значительно ниже. Это обусловливает необходимость в уточнении критериев оценки эффекта проводимого лечения с использованием проточно-цитометрического определения уровня минимальной остаточной болезни (МОБ). В настоящее время единые стандартизованные подходы к измерению МОБ при миелоидных лейкозах, в том числе при ОМегЛ, отсутствуют, что препятствует адекватной оценке эффекта терапии и в ряде случаев – определению показаний к аллогенной трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток. В статье определены особенности диагностики и описаны подходы к измерению уровня МОБ при ОМегЛ.</p> <p><bold>Цель. </bold>Продемонстрировать алгоритмы диагностики и определения МОБ при ОМЛ М7 у детей.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>В статье проанализированы клинические и иммунологические данные 10 мальчиков и 4 девочек с впервые выявленным диагнозом ОМегЛ в возрасте от 3 мес до 12 лет, 13 из которых получали лечение в ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» и 1 – в ГБУЗ «Морозовская ДГКБ» в период с 1995 по 2020 г. У 6 пациентов оценена МОБ. Оценка МОБ проводилась как морфоцитохимическим методом, так и методом многопараметровой проточной цитометрии с использованием маркеров мегакариоцитов (CD61, CD42, CD41) в сочетании с общемиелоидными маркерами (CD13, CD33), CD34, CD117 и маркерами аберрантности (наиболее часто – CD7).</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Показано, что адекватное измерение уровня МОБ требует подробного иммунофенотипирования при диагностике для установления аберрантности мегакариобластов. Наиболее часто на бластных клетках ОМегЛ помимо мегакариоцитарных маркеров (100% случаев) экспрессированы маркеры CD9 (100%), общемиелоидный антиген CD33 (69,2%), стволовоклеточный антиген CD34 (46,2%), CD13 (38,5%). Антиген CD117 присутствовал на бластных клетках в 33,3% случаев. Частой явилась экспрессия Т-клеточно-ассоциированного антигена CD7 (46,2%). Оценка МОБ проведена в процессе лечения (чаще – после индукционного курса) на основе маркеров мегакариоцитарной линии (CD61, CD41, CD42a, CD42b), слабой экспрессии CD45, а также особенностей иммунофенотипа при первичной диагностике. Уровни МОБ колебались от полностью отрицательных (0%; 0,006%) до явных (1,05%).</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Выявление остаточных опухолевых мегакариобластов при ОМЛ М7 с помощью проточной цитометрии является перспективным методом оценки эффекта терапии. Адекватное измерение уровня МОБ требует подробного иммунофенотипирования при диагностике для установления аберрантности мегакариобластов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute megakaryoblastic leukemia</kwd><kwd>M7</kwd><kwd>minimal residual disease</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острый мегакариобластный лейкоз</kwd><kwd>М7</kwd><kwd>минимальная остаточная болезнь</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out with the financial support of the RFBR grant No. 18-29-09115.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке гранта РФФИ №18-29-09115.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Von Boros J, Korenyi A. Uber einen fall von akuter megakaryocyblasten-leukamie, zugleich einige bemerkungen zum. Problem der akuten leukemie. 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