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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Modern Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Modern Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современная онкология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1815-1434</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1815-1442</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">688859</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Targeted axillary dissection in breast cancer: An overview of various techniques and their effectiveness. Systematic review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Таргетная аксиллярная диссекция при раке молочной железы: обзор различных методик выполнения и их эффективности. Систематический обзор</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7303-7213</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaytsev</surname><given-names>Nikita A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцев</surname><given-names>Никита Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Graduate Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант отд-ния патологии молочной железы</p></bio><email>n.zaytsev.md@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1124-6802</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolyadina</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колядина</surname><given-names>Ирина Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф., вед. науч. сотр. ФГБУ «НМИЦ АГП им. акад. В.И. Кулакова», проф. каф. онкологии и паллиативной медицины ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО</p></bio><email>n.zaytsev.md@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3757-5025</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bikeev</surname><given-names>Yury V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бикеев</surname><given-names>Юрий Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, врач-онколог, врач ультразвуковой диагностики отд-ния ультразвуковой и функциональной диагностики, науч. сотр. отд-ния патологии молочной железы</p></bio><email>n.zaytsev.md@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0658-1454</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rodionova</surname><given-names>Maria V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Родионова</surname><given-names>Мария Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, онколог отд-ния патологии молочной железы</p></bio><email>n.zaytsev.md@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4121-7228</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khokhlova</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хохлова</surname><given-names>Светлана Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, зав. отд-нием противоопухолевой лекарственной терапии ФГБУ «НМИЦ АГП им. акад. В.И. Кулакова», проф. каф. онкологии и паллиативной медицины ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО</p></bio><email>n.zaytsev.md@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0096-7126</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">56801413600</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2716-7193</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rodionov</surname><given-names>Valerii V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Родионов</surname><given-names>Валерий Витальевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, зав. отд-нием патологии молочной железы</p></bio><email>n.zaytsev.md@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. акад. В.И. Кулакова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-11" publication-format="electronic"><day>11</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>320</fpage><lpage>325</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-08"><day>08</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://modernonco.orscience.ru/1815-1434/article/view/688859">https://modernonco.orscience.ru/1815-1434/article/view/688859</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The introduction of effective neoadjuvant systemic therapy contributed to significant advances in the treatment of breast cancer, especially the most aggressive subtypes of this disease – triple negative and HER2-positive. The high effectiveness of the neoadjuvant therapy led to a high rate of the pathological complete response in the primary tumor and lymph nodes, which contributed to the de-escalation of surgery on both the breast and the regional lymphatic collector. Targeted axillary dissection (TAD) has taken a special place in clinical practice as a modern method of surgical staging in patients with breast cancer and metastatic lymph node involvement after neoadjuvant systemic therapy. A systematic review analyzed the results of several studies comparing different TAD techniques, with special attention paid to comparing one-stage (labeling of affected lymph nodes before chemotherapy) and two-stage (labeling before chemotherapy with subsequent pre- or intraoperative localization) approaches, as well as assessing the effectiveness of various markers, including radioactive seed implants (¹²⁵I), magnetic tags, carbon suspensions, metal staples, etc. The review highlighted the significant heterogeneity of the available protocols and emphasized the need for randomized controlled trials to standardize the TAD methodology, assess its long-term oncological safety, and establish optimal approaches to lymph node labeling.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Появление эффективной неоадъювантной системной терапии позволило добиться значимых успехов в лечении рака молочной железы (МЖ), особенно наиболее агрессивных подтипов этого заболевания: тройного негативного и HER2-положительного. Высокая эффективность неоадъювантного этапа лечения привела к высокой частоте достижения полного патоморфологического ответа в первичной опухоли и лимфоузлах, что способствовало деэскалации хирургии как на самой МЖ, так и на регионарном лимфоколлекторе. Особое место в клинической практике заняла таргетная аксиллярная диссекция (ТАД) как современный метод хирургического стадирования у пациенток с раком МЖ и метастатическим поражением лимфоузлов, получивших неоадъювантную системную терапию. В систематическом обзоре проанализированы результаты ряда исследований, где сравнивали различные методики выполнения ТАД, при этом особое внимание уделяли сравнению одноэтапного (маркировке пораженных лимфоузлов до начала химиотерапии) и двухэтапного (маркировке до химиотерапии с последующей пред- или интраоперационной локализацией) подходов, а также оценке эффективности различных типов маркеров, включая радиоактивные зерна (¹²⁵I), магнитные метки, углеродные суспензии, металлические клипсы и др. Обзор позволил выявить существенную гетерогенность имеющихся протоколов и подчеркнул необходимость проведения рандомизированных контролируемых исследований для стандартизации методики ТАД, оценки ее долгосрочной онкологической безопасности и определения оптимальных подходов к маркировке лимфоузлов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neoadjuvant systemic therapy</kwd><kwd>biopsy of sentinel lymph nodes</kwd><kwd>targeted axillary dissection</kwd><kwd>labeling of involved lymph nodes</kwd><kwd>deescalation of surgical treatment</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>неоадъювантная системная терапия</kwd><kwd>биопсия сигнальных лимфатических узлов</kwd><kwd>таргетная аксиллярная диссекция</kwd><kwd>маркировка пораженных лимфатических узлов</kwd><kwd>деэскалация хирургического лечения</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Морозов Д.А., Колядина И.В., Поддубная И.В., и др. 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