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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Modern Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Modern Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современная онкология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1815-1434</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1815-1442</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">688541</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/18151434.2025.3.203421</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Prospects for molecular profiling in bladder cancer stratification and treatment. A review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Перспективы молекулярного профилирования при стратификации и лечении рака мочевого пузыря</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4775-3299</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9589-9057</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyubchenko</surname><given-names>Liudmila N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Любченко</surname><given-names>Людмила Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук,, зав. отд. молекулярной генетики и клеточных технологий </p></bio><email>clingen@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8291-804X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1457-7046</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Сhernavina</surname><given-names>Karina M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернавина</surname><given-names>Карина Максимовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Clinical Resident</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>клинический ординатор</p></bio><email>clingen@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1614-7650</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ghazaryan</surname><given-names>Koryun A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казарян</surname><given-names>Корюн Арташесович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Graduate Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-онколог, аспирант ФГАОУ ВО РУДН</p></bio><email>clingen@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5988-8268</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2445-5967</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaborskiy</surname><given-names>Ivan N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заборский</surname><given-names>Иван Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отд-ния лучевого и хирургического лечения урологических заболеваний с группой брахитерапии рака предстательной железы </p></bio><email>clingen@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6112-2840</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1486-9379</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karyakin</surname><given-names>Oleg B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карякин</surname><given-names>Олег Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф., зав. отд-нием лучевого и хирургического лечения урологических заболеваний</p></bio><email>clingen@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Radiological Centre</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lopatkin Scientific Research Institute of Urology and Interventional Radiology – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт урологии и интервенционной радиологии им. Н.А. Лопаткина – филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский научно-исследовательский онкологический институт им. П.А. Герцена – филиал 
ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Медицинский радиологический научный центр им. А.Ф. Цыба –  филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-09-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>198</fpage><lpage>205</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-19"><day>19</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-09-25"><day>25</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://modernonco.orscience.ru/1815-1434/article/view/688541">https://modernonco.orscience.ru/1815-1434/article/view/688541</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Modern trends in oncological care are based on the principles of precision medicine, which necessitates the identification of prognostic and predictive molecular genetic markers. The results of genomic profiling of bladder cancer (BC) represent a wide range of genes involved in carcinogenesis, but the functional significance and clinical potential of most of them have not been sufficiently studied. The aim of this study was to summarize modern scientific and practical data on the trends in precision medicine in the field of oncourology in BC. The materials for the study were domestic and foreign scientific databases, in particular the National Library of Medicine (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/</ext-link>) using the electronic resource PubMed (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/</ext-link>), eLIBRARY.RU (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.elibrary.ru/">https://www.elibrary.ru/</ext-link>) and Google Scholar (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://scholar.google.ru/schhp?hl=ru">https://scholar.google.ru/schhp?hl=ru</ext-link>), when searching by keywords: BC, urothelial carcinoma, NGS, molecular profiling, genes, <italic>FGFR3, TERT, PIK3CA, TP53</italic>, mutations, expression. An analytical review concerning clinical, pathomorphological and molecular genetic data on the problems of diagnosis and treatment of BC included reports on preclinical experimental and clinical studies, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, cohort randomized studies for the period 2002–2025. A number of studies have demonstrated the association of molecular genetic changes in genes encoding receptor and intracellular kinases (<italic>FGFR2/3, PIK3CA</italic> etc.) with early stages of BC carcinogenesis, provided that the multifactorial prognostic significance is variable, taking into account the availability of modern molecular-targeted drugs. In particular, a pan-FGFR inhibitor, erdafitinib, which has demonstrated its effectiveness, is currently approved for the treatment of common forms of BC. Taking into account the pathogenetic mechanisms, an important further prospect for the use of receptor and intracellular kinase inhibitors in BC is the development and introduction into clinical practice of highly selective systemic and locally delivered forms with the possibility of their use in clinically heterogeneous groups of patients, including those with early stages of the disease. In turn, alterations in genes responsible for DNA repair (<italic>TP53</italic>, etc.) are associated with an aggressive course of the disease and a corresponding less favorable prognosis. In this direction, the key point of application of personalized therapy is the development and use of agents capable of modulating the activity of proteins of the reparation system at various stages of carcinogenesis. Thus, the mutational and functional status of genes involved in key oncogenic and reparation pathways in BC plays an important role in the context of developing a prognostic model, and also serves as a predictive target for therapeutic intervention.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Современные тенденции онкологической помощи строятся на принципах прецизионной медицины, что обусловливает необходимость идентификации прогностических и предиктивных молекулярно-генетических маркеров. Результаты геномного профилирования рака мочевого пузыря (РМП) представляют широкий спектр генов, вовлеченных в канцерогенез, однако функциональная значимость и клинический потенциал большинства из них изучены недостаточно. Цель настоящего исследования – обобщение современных научно-практических данных о тенденциях прецизионной медицины в области онкоурологии при РМП. Материалами для исследования послужили отечественные и зарубежные базы научных данных, в частности National Library of Medicine (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/</ext-link>) с использованием электронного ресурса PubMed (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/</ext-link>), eLIBRARY.RU (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.elibrary.ru/">https://www.elibrary.ru/</ext-link>) и Google Scholar (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://scholar.google.ru/schhp?hl=ru">https://scholar.google.ru/schhp?hl=ru</ext-link>), при поиске по ключевым словам: РМП, уротелиальная карцинома, NGS, молекулярное профилирование, гены, <italic>FGFR3, TERT, PIK3CA, TP53</italic>, мутации, экспрессия. Аналитический обзор, касающийся клинических, патоморфологических и молекулярно-генетических данных по проблематике диагностики и лечения РМП, включал отчеты о доклинических экспериментальных и клинических исследованиях, метаанализы, систематические обзоры, когортные рандомизированные исследования за период 2002–2025 гг. В ряде исследований продемонстрирована связь молекулярно-генетических изменений генов, кодирующих рецепторные и внутриклеточные киназы (<italic>FGFR2/3, PIK3CA</italic> и др.), с ранними этапами канцерогенеза РМП при условии вариабельной мультифакторной прогностической значимости с учетом наличия современных молекулярно-направленных препаратов. В частности, в настоящее время для лечения распространенных форм РМП одобрен продемонстрировавший свою эффективность пан-FGFR-ингибитор – эрдафитиниб. Учитывая патогенетические механизмы, важной дальнейшей перспективой применения ингибиторов рецепторных и внутриклеточных киназ при РМП считается разработка и внедрение в клиническую практику высокоселективных системных и локально-доставляемых форм с возможностью их использованиях в клинически разнородных группах пациентов, в том числе с ранними стадиями заболевания. В свою очередь, альтерации генов, ответственных за репарацию ДНК (<italic>TP53</italic> и др.), ассоциированы с агрессивным течением заболевания и соответствующим менее благоприятным прогнозом. В этом направлении ключевая точка приложения персонализированной терапии – разработка и применение агентов, способных модулировать активность белков системы репарации на различных этапах канцерогенеза. Таким образом, мутационный и функциональный статус генов, вовлеченных в ключевые онкогенные и репарационные пути при РМП, играет важную роль в контексте разработки прогностической модели, а также служит предиктивной мишенью для терапевтического воздействия.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bladder cancer</kwd><kwd>urothelial carcinoma</kwd><kwd>NGS</kwd><kwd>molecular profiling</kwd><kwd>gene</kwd><kwd>FGFR3</kwd><kwd>TERT</kwd><kwd>PIK3CA</kwd><kwd>TP53</kwd><kwd>mutation</kwd><kwd>expression</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак мочевого пузыря</kwd><kwd>уротелиальная карцинома</kwd><kwd>NGS</kwd><kwd>молекулярное профилирование</kwd><kwd>гены</kwd><kwd>FGFR3</kwd><kwd>TERT</kwd><kwd>PIK3CA</kwd><kwd>TP53</kwd><kwd>мутации</kwd><kwd>экспрессия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, et al. 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