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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Modern Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Modern Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современная онкология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1815-1434</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1815-1442</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">685753</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/18151434.2025.3.203377</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Safety and toxicity of first-line combination therapy in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma: A real-world retrospective study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Безопасность и токсичность комбинированной терапии 1-й линии у больных распространенным почечно-клеточным раком: исследование реальной клинической практики</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7853-0349</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nersesova</surname><given-names>Tatiana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нерсесова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oncologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-онколог химиотерапевтического отд-ния №1</p></bio><email>dr.nersesova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7754-6624</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8942-0678</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkova</surname><given-names>Maria I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волкова</surname><given-names>Мария Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф., врач-онколог онкологического отд-ния №8 Онкологического центра №1, проф. каф. онкологии и паллиативной медицины</p></bio><email>dr.nersesova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2856-5176</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9668-5733</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzmina</surname><given-names>Evgeniya S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьмина</surname><given-names>Евгения Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oncologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-онколог, химиотерапевт, зав. отд-нием химиотерапии №2</p></bio><email>dr.nersesova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6646-7454</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonova</surname><given-names>Tatyana G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Галяутдиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oncologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-онколог, зав. дневным стационаром №1</p></bio><email>dr.nersesova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0637-9826</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsareva</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Царева</surname><given-names>Елена Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oncologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-онколог химиотерапевтического отд-ния №4 Центра амбулаторной онкологической помощи СВАО Онкологического центра №1</p></bio><email>dr.nersesova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1084-1551</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3627-0262</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stativko</surname><given-names>Olesia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стативко</surname><given-names>Олеся Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oncologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-онколог, зав. химиотерапевтическим отд-нием №4 Центра амбулаторной онкологической помощи СВАО Онкологического центра №1</p></bio><email>dr.nersesova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9015-2002</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4189-6387</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gridneva</surname><given-names>Yana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гриднева</surname><given-names>Яна Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, зав. онкологическим отд-нием №8 Онкологического центра №1, доц. каф. онкологии, радиотерапии и реконструктивной хирургии</p></bio><email>dr.nersesova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1258-0922</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Сherniaev</surname><given-names>Vitalii A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черняев</surname><given-names>Виталий Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, зав. онкоурологическим отд-нием №3 Онкологического центра №1</p></bio><email>dr.nersesova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9864-3837</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7338-9428</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pokataev</surname><given-names>Ilya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Покатаев</surname><given-names>Илья Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, рук. службы химиотерапевтического лечения Онкологического центра №1 </p></bio><email>dr.nersesova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow State Budgetary Healthcare Institution «Moscow City Hospital named after S.S. Yudin, Moscow Healthcare Department»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ г. Москвы «Городская клиническая больница им. С.С. Юдина Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenovskiy University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>173</fpage><lpage>180</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-27"><day>27</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-11-18"><day>18</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://modernonco.orscience.ru/1815-1434/article/view/685753">https://modernonco.orscience.ru/1815-1434/article/view/685753</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> Preference regimens in line 1 therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are combinations based on immuno-oncology (IO) drugs. The efficacy and safety of combination therapy have been demonstrated in large, randomized phase III clinical trials involving patients with satisfactory performance status and without severe organ dysfunction or comorbidities that could potentially impact treatment outcomes. The characteristics of patients receiving combination immunotherapy (IO-IO) or immunotargeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (IO-TKIs) in real-world practice generally differ significantly from the profile of patients who meet the inclusion criteria for registration randomized clinical trials. The lack of comparative studies on IO-IO and IO-TKIs does not allow for a reasonable choice between these regimes in real-world practice, including from a safety perspective.</p> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> Comparative assessment of safety and toxicity of first-line combination therapy in patients with advanced RCC treated with IO-IO or IO-TKIs in real-world practice.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>. A retrospective study conducted at the Moscow City Clinical Hospital named after S.S. Yudin from 07.07.2019 to 22.10.2024 included 194 patients ≥18 years old with verified advanced RCC who received first-line therapy with IO-IO [nivolumab with ipilimumab, 94 (48.5%) patients] or IO-TKIs [100 (51.5%) patients: pembrolizumab plus axitinib – 85 (43.7%), pembrolizumab plus lenvatinib – 10 (5.2%), nivolumab plus cabozantinib – 5 (2.6%)]. The median follow-up duration was 28.4 (1-63) months. In all patients during therapy, adverse events (AEs), dose reductions, interruptions in therapy, and discontinuations of therapy due to AEs were recorded.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> No new safety signals emerged at a median duration of line 1 therapy of 11.1 (1.0-55.9) months. The incidence of any AE was 88.1%, including severe AEs in 42.3% of patients. The most common grade ≥3 AEs were hypertension (HTN) at 10.8%, transaminase increased at 10.8%, diarrhea at 7.2%, and creatinine increased at 5.2%. Risk factors for severe toxicity are baseline hypertension (<italic>p</italic>=0.001) and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) ≥3 (<italic>p</italic>=0.012). IO-TKIs compared to IO-IO were associated with a higher incidence of severe AEs (<italic>p</italic>=0.008), as well as skin and mucosal AEs (<italic>p</italic>=0.042), gastrointestinal AEs (<italic>p</italic>=0.015), and hypertension (<italic>p</italic>&lt;0.0001), but a lower incidence of nephrotoxicity (<italic>p</italic>=0.045).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> In real-world practice, in patients with advanced RCC treated with IO-IO and IO-TKIs as first-line therapy, the safety and toxicity of treatment regimens were comparable to the results of registration studies. IO-TKIs were associated with a higher incidence of severe AEs and certain types of AEs (skin, gastrointestinal, hypertension), but a lower incidence of nephrotoxicity compared to IO-IO.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Режимы предпочтения в 1-й линии терапии распространенного почечно-клеточного рака (ПКР) – комбинации, основанные на иммуноонкологических (ИО) препаратах. Эффективность и безопасность комбинированной терапии доказана в крупных рандомизированных клинических исследованиях III фазы, включавших пациентов с удовлетворительным соматическим статусом, не имевших тяжелой органной дисфункции и коморбидных состояний, потенциально способных повлиять на результаты лечения. Характеристики пациентов, получающих комбинированную иммунотерапию (ИО-ИО) или иммунотаргетную терапию тирозинкиназными ингибиторами (ИО-ТКИ) в реальной практике, как правило, существенно отличаются от профиля больных, соответствующих критериям включения в регистрационные рандомизированные клинические исследования. Отсутствие сравнительных исследований ИО-ИО и ИО-ТКИ не позволяет обоснованно выбирать между этими режимами в реальной практике, в том числе с позиций безопасности.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Сравнительная оценка безопасности и токсичности комбинированной терапии 1-й линии у больных распространенным ПКР, получавших ИО-ИО или ИО-ТКИ в реальной практике.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В ретроспективное исследование, проведенное на базе ГБУЗ «ГКБ им. С.С. Юдина ДЗМ» с 07.07.2019 по 22.10.2024, включены 194 больных ≥18 лет с верифицированным распространенным ПКР, получавших в качестве 1-й линии терапии ИО-ИО [ниволумаб с ипилимумабом, 94 (48,5%) пациента] или ИО-ТКИ [100 (51,5%) пациентов: пембролизумаб с акситинибом – 85 (43,7%), пембролизумаб с ленватинибом – 10 (5,2%), ниволумаб с кабозантинибом – 5 (2,6%)]. Медиана наблюдения за пациентами составила 28,4 (1–63) мес. У всех больных в процессе терапии регистрировали нежелательные явления (НЯ), редукции доз, перерывы в терапии, отмены терапии из-за НЯ.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> При медиане длительности терапии 1-й линии 11,1 (1,0–55,9) мес новых сигналов по безопасности не получено. Частота любых НЯ составила 88,1%, включая тяжелые НЯ у 42,3% пациентов. Самыми частыми НЯ, достигшими ≥3-й степени тяжести, оказались артериальная гипертензия (АГ) – 10,8%, повышение трансаминаз – 10,8%, диарея – 7,2% и повышение креатинина – 5,2%. Факторы риска развития тяжелой токсичности – исходная АГ (<italic>р</italic>=0,001) и отношение нейтрофилов к лимфоцитам (NLR) ≥3 (<italic>р</italic>=0,012). ИО-ТКИ по сравнению с ИО-ИО ассоциирована с большей частотой тяжелых НЯ (<italic>р</italic>=0,008), а также НЯ со стороны кожи и слизистых (<italic>р</italic>=0,042), гастроинтестинальных НЯ (<italic>р</italic>=0,015) и АГ (<italic>р</italic>&lt;0,0001), но меньшей частотой нефротоксичности (<italic>р</italic>=0,045).</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> В реальной практике у больных распространенным ПКР, получавших ИО-ИО и ИО-ТКИ в качестве 1-й линии терапии, безопасность и токсичность лечебных режимов сопоставима с результатами регистрационных исследований. ИО-ТКИ ассоциирована с большей частотой тяжелых НЯ и отдельных видов НЯ (кожных, гастроинтестинальных, АГ), но меньшей частотой нефротоксичности по сравнению с ИО-ИО.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>renal cell carcinoma</kwd><kwd>nivolumab plus ipilimumab</kwd><kwd>immune targeting therapy</kwd><kwd>safety</kwd><kwd>toxicity</kwd><kwd>real-world practice</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>почечно-клеточный рак</kwd><kwd>ниволумаб с ипилимумабом</kwd><kwd>иммунотаргетная терапия</kwd><kwd>безопасность</kwd><kwd>токсичность</kwd><kwd>реальная практика</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Волкова М.И., Носов Д.А., Алексеев Б.Я., и др. Почечноклеточный рак. Практические рекомендации RUSSCO, часть 1.2. Злокачественные опухоли. 2024;14(3s2):207-20 [Volkova MI, Nosov DA, Alekseev BIa, et al. Pochechnokletochnyi rak. Prakticheskie rekomendatsii RUSSCO, chast 1.2. 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