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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Modern Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Modern Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современная онкология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1815-1434</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1815-1442</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">683985</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/18151434.2025.2.203324</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Cancer-associated thrombosis: pathogenesis, risk factors, and treatment. A review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Канцерассоциированный тромбоз: патогенез, факторы риска и лечение</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8888-8395</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bilyalov</surname><given-names>Airat I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Билялов</surname><given-names>Айрат Ильдарович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Oncologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, врач-онколог центра персонализированной медицины</p></bio><email>BilyalovAir@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4249-5518</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nesterova</surname><given-names>Alfia I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нестерова</surname><given-names>Альфия Ирековна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Oncologist, Head of Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, врач-онколог, рук. отд. трансляционной онкологии и телемедицинских технологий; доц. каф. хирургии Института фундаментальной медицины и биологии; доц. каф. онкологии, pадиологии и паллиативной медицины</p></bio><email>BilyalovAir@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3119-7673</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bodunova</surname><given-names>Natalia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бодунова</surname><given-names>Наталья Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, рук. Городского медико-генетического центра, зав. Центром персонализированной медицины, член правления Московского общества медицинских генетиков</p></bio><email>BilyalovAir@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9306-3507</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zinchenko</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зинченко</surname><given-names>Сергей Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Oncologist; Head of Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, врач-онколог; зав. каф. хирургии Института фундаментальной медицины и биологии</p></bio><email>BilyalovAir@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Московский клинический научно-практический центр им. А.С. Логинова» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Segal Republican Clinical Oncological Dispensary</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГАУЗ «Республиканский клинический онкологический диспансер им. проф. М.З. Сигала»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical Academy – branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанская государственная медицинская академия – филиал ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-07-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>93</fpage><lpage>101</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-11"><day>11</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-07-07"><day>07</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://modernonco.orscience.ru/1815-1434/article/view/683985">https://modernonco.orscience.ru/1815-1434/article/view/683985</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) is one of the most frequent and dangerous complications of malignancies, ranking 2nd among the causes of death in cancer patients. The article presents an overview of current data on the pathogenesis of thrombosis in cancer patients, including the key role of tumor cells, inflammatory cytokines, neutrophil extracellular traps, and dysregulation of hemostasis. CAT epidemiology, individual (age, comorbidities, mobility) and tumor-dependent (location, stage, histology) risk factors, as well as the effect of various types of anticancer therapy, including chemotherapy, surgery, and the use of central venous catheters, are considered. Particular attention is paid to modern approaches to the prevention and treatment of CAT, including direct oral anticoagulants, their advantages over low molecular weight heparins, and data from large randomized trials (CARAVAGGIO and API-CAT). The review includes an analysis of international and Russian clinical guidelines (ASCO, NCCN, RUSSCO), focusing on the need for an individual approach, considering the clinical situation, the risk of bleeding, and drug interactions. The presented data emphasize the importance of timely detection of CAT and rational choice of therapy to reduce the risk of complications and improve the prognosis in cancer patients. The presented data emphasize the importance of timely detection of CAT and rational choice of therapy to reduce the risk of complications and improve the prognosis in cancer patients. In addition, a reduced dose of apixaban (2.5 mg twice daily) after 6 months of therapy was found to be effective in preventing the recurrence of venous thromboembolism and reducing the incidence of clinically significant bleeding compared to the full dose.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Канцерассоциированный тромбоз (КАТ) является одним из наиболее частых и опасных осложнений злокачественных новообразований, занимая 2-е место среди причин смертности у онкологических пациентов. В статье представлен обзор современных данных о патогенезе тромбоза у онкологических больных, включая ключевую роль опухолевых клеток, воспалительных цитокинов, внеклеточных ловушек нейтрофилов и нарушения регуляции гемостаза. Рассматриваются эпидемиология КАТ, индивидуальные (возраст, сопутствующие заболевания, подвижность) и опухолезависимые (локализация, стадия, гистология) факторы риска, а также влияние различных видов противоопухолевой терапии, включая химиотерапию, хирургические вмешательства и использование центральных венозных катетеров. Особое внимание уделено современным подходам к профилактике и лечению КАТ, включая применение прямых пероральных антикоагулянтов, их преимущества по сравнению с низкомолекулярными гепаринами и данные крупных рандомизированных исследований (CARAVAGGIO и API-CAT). Обзор включает анализ международных и российских клинических рекомендаций (ASCO, NCCN, RUSSCO), акцентируя внимание на необходимости индивидуального подхода с учетом клинической ситуации, риска кровотечений и лекарственных взаимодействий. Представленные данные подчеркивают значимость своевременного выявления КАТ и рационального выбора терапии для снижения риска осложнений и улучшения прогноза у онкологических пациентов. Результаты обзора подтверждают, что использование прямых пероральных антикоагулянтов, особенно апиксабана, способно повысить качество жизни и выживаемость онкологических пациентов с венозными тромбоэмболиями. Кроме того, установлено, что применение сниженной дозы апиксабана (2,5 мг дважды в сутки) после 6 мес терапии сохраняет эффективность в профилактике рецидивов венозных тромбоэмболий и снижает частоту клинически значимых кровотечений по сравнению с полной дозой.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cancer-associated thrombosis</kwd><kwd>direct oral anticoagulant</kwd><kwd>venous thromboembolism</kwd><kwd>arterial thromboembolism</kwd><kwd>prothrombotic effect of chemotherapeutic drugs</kwd><kwd>thrombosis in oncologic patients</kwd><kwd>apixaban</kwd><kwd>dalteparin</kwd><kwd>rivaroxaban</kwd><kwd>edoxaban</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>канцерассоциированный тромбоз</kwd><kwd>прямой пероральный антикоагулянт</kwd><kwd>венозная тромбоэмболия</kwd><kwd>артериальная тромбоэмболия</kwd><kwd>протромботический эффект химиотерапевтических препаратов</kwd><kwd>онкотромбоз</kwd><kwd>апиксабан</kwd><kwd>далтепарин</kwd><kwd>ривароксабан</kwd><kwd>эдоксабан</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Prandoni P, Falanga A, Piccioli A. 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