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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Modern Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Modern Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современная онкология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1815-1434</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1815-1442</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">655959</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/18151434.2024.4.203018</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Experience of Next-Generation Sequencing in urothelial carcinoma specimens with panel for 523 genes</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Опыт исследования образцов уротелиальной карциномы с помощью панели секвенирования нового поколения на 523 гена</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9015-2002</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4189-6387</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gridneva</surname><given-names>Yana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гриднева</surname><given-names>Яна Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Moscow State Budgetary Healthcare Institution "Oncological Center No. 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>риднева Яна Владимировна – канд. мед. наук, врач-онколог, зав. онкологическим отд-нием №8 Онкологического центра №1, доц. каф. онкологии, радиотерапии и реконструктивной хирургии </p></bio><email>mivolkova@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4673-1031</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khmelkova</surname><given-names>Darya N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хмелькова</surname><given-names>Дарья Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Deputy Director, Director</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>зам. ген. дир. по направлению Онкогенетика, рук. отд. биоинформатического анализа, ген. дир.</p></bio><email>mivolkova@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7754-6624</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8942-0678</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkova</surname><given-names>Maria I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волкова</surname><given-names>Мария Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RE">Réunion</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Moscow State Budgetary Healthcare Institution "Oncological Center No. 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, врач-онколог онкологического отд-ния №8 Онкологического центра №1, проф. каф. онкологии и паллиативной медицины им. акад. А.С. Савицкого</p></bio><email>mivolkova@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8732-0300</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Blagodatskikh</surname><given-names>Konstantin A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Благодатских</surname><given-names>Константин Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, зам. ген. дир.</p></bio><email>mivolkova@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zheludkevich</surname><given-names>Anna A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Желудкевич</surname><given-names>Анна Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leading Specialist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>вед. биолог лаб. высокопроизводительного секвенирования</p></bio><email>mivolkova@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8433-0837</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenova</surname><given-names>Anna B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенова</surname><given-names>Анна Борисовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, зав. центром патологоанатомической диагностики и молекулярной генетики</p></bio><email>mivolkova@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4372-6135</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Veshchevailov</surname><given-names>Alexander A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вещевайлов</surname><given-names>Александр Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>pathologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-патологоанатом патологоанатомического отд-ния №2</p></bio><email>mivolkova@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5485-5803</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Babkina</surname><given-names>Alexandra V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабкина</surname><given-names>Александра Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>pathologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-патологоанатом патологоанатомического отд-ния №2</p></bio><email>mivolkova@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6205-3106</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bondarev</surname><given-names>Sergey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бондарев</surname><given-names>Сергей Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, зам. глав. врача по медицинской части и научно-образовательной работе</p></bio><email>mivolkova@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6619-6179</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Galkin</surname><given-names>Vsevolod N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галкин</surname><given-names>Всеволод Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф., глав. врач , каф. онкологии, радиотерапии и реконструктивной хирургии</p></bio><email>mivolkova@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow City Hospital named after S.S. Yudin, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница им. С.С. Юдина» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Center of Genetics and Reproductive Medicine Genetico PJSC</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ПАО «Центр генетики и репродуктивной медицины “ГЕНЕТИКО”»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">ITGen Labs LLC</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «АйТиДжен Лабс»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Modern Oncology</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Современная онкология</issue-title><fpage>489</fpage><lpage>494</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-14"><day>14</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-02-14"><day>14</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://modernonco.orscience.ru/1815-1434/article/view/655959">https://modernonco.orscience.ru/1815-1434/article/view/655959</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> Genomic alterations in urothelial carcinoma (UC) cells range from point DNA mutations to complex chromosomal rearrangements and changes in the number of chromosomes in the tumor cell. The UC genetic profile is highly heterogeneous, leading to significant variability in the natural history of the disease, prognosis, and responses to treatment. To evaluate the genetic alterations of Russian patients with bladder cancer is of great interest.</p> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> To evaluate the mutation profile in UC specimens with the next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel for 523 genes.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> Thirty-six patients' UC samples fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin were studied. Carcinoma in situ without papillary tumor was verified in 1 (2.9%), Ta in 14 (38.8%), T1 in 19 (52.7%), T&gt;T1 in 2 (5.6%) patients. High-grade UC was verified in 14 (38.9%) specimens. DNA and RNA were isolated from the paraffin blocks, libraries were prepared with the Illumina TruSight Oncology 500 panel, and then NGS was performed, followed by bioinformatics data processing.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> The median tumor mutation burden (TMB) was 14.1 (1.6-102.9) mutations/Mb: TMB≥20 mutations/Mb – 6 (16.7%). In all cases, the level of microsatellite instability was low. In 36 specimens, 181 therapeutically significant and oncogenic mutations were identified in 62 genes; the median was 5 (1–16) mutations per specimen. Single nucleotide variants prevailed in the mutation structure: 123 (68%); G&gt;A had the highest frequency 36 (29.3%). There were 47 (26.0%) indel mutations, 10 (5.5%) amplifications, and 1 (0.6%) translocation. Clinically significant mutations were detected in all specimens. The highest frequency of clinically significant mutations was observed in the <italic>FGFR3</italic> genes – 22 (61.1%) specimens with mutations in this gene, <italic>KDM6A</italic> – 22 (61.1%), <italic>STAG2</italic> – 13 (36.1%), <italic>PIK3CA</italic> – 9 (25.0%), and <italic>ARID1A</italic> – 9 (25.0%). Pathogenic level 1-2 mutations providing potential therapeutic targets were detected in 29 (80.6%) of 36 specimens and included alterations of 13 genes (<italic>AKT1, ATM, BRAF, CHEK2, ERBB2, FGFR3, IDH1, MLH1, NF1, NRAs, PIK3CA, PTEN,</italic> and <italic>TSC1</italic>). Frequent mutations of level 3-4 therapeutic significance were in <italic>KDM6A</italic> (61.6%), <italic>ARID1A</italic> (25.0%), and <italic>CDKN2A</italic> (11.4%) genes.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> A 523-gene NGS panel study confirmed the high TMB and low rate of microsatellite instability in UC tumor cells. The most common pathogenic mutations associated with potential therapeutic targets in UC were <italic>FGFR3, PIK3CA</italic>, and <italic>ERBB2</italic> alterations.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Геномные дефекты в клетках уротелиальной карциномы (УК) варьируют от точечных мутаций ДНК до комплексных хромосомных перестроек и изменения числа хромосом в опухолевой клетке. Генетический профиль УК крайне разнороден, что приводит к существенным различиям в естественном течении заболевания, прогнозе в популяции заболевших, а также ответах на лечение. Высока актуальность изучения генетических альтераций российских пациентов с раком мочевого пузыря (МП).</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Оценить профиль мутаций опухолевых образцов УК с помощью панели секвенирования нового поколения (NGS) на 523 гена.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Изучены фиксированные в формалине и залитые в парафин образцы УК 36 пациентов. Carcinoma in situ без папиллярной опухоли верифицирована у 1 (2,9%), Ta – у 14 (38,8%), T1 – у 19 (52,7%), T&gt;T1 – у 2 (5,6%) больных; УК high-grade имела место у 14 (38,9%) пациентов. Из парафиновых блоков выделяли ДНК и РНК, готовили библиотеки с помощью панели Illumina TruSight Oncology 500, после чего проводили NGS с последующей биоинформатической обработкой данных.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Медиана мутационной нагрузки (tumor mutation burden – TMB) составила 14,1 (1,6–102,9) мутации/Мб: TMB≥20 мутаций/Мб – 6 (16,7%). Во всех случаях уровень микросателлитной нестабильности являлся низким. В 36 образцах выявлена 181 терапевтически значимая и онкогенная мутация в 62 генах: медиана – 5 (1–16) мутаций в образце. В структуре мутаций доминировали SNV: 123 (68%); наибольшая частота – G&gt;A 36 (29,3%). Выявлено 47 (26,0%) indel-мутаций, 10 (5,5%) амплификаций и 1 (0,6%) транслокация. Клинически значимые мутации обнаружены во всех образцах. Наибольшая частота клинически значимых мутаций отмечена в генах <italic>FGFR3</italic> – 22 (61,1%) образца с мутациями в данном гене, <italic>KDM6A</italic> – 22 (61,1%), <italic>STAG2</italic> – 13 (36,1%), <italic>PIK3CA</italic> – 9 (25,0%) и <italic>ARID1A</italic> – 9 (25,0%). Патогенные мутации 1–2-го уровня, обеспечивающие потенциальные терапевтические мишени, обнаружены в 29 (80,6%) из 36 образцов и включали альтерации 13 генов (<italic>AKT1, ATM, BRAF, СHEK2, ERBB2, FGFR3, IDH1, MLH1, NF1, NRAS, PIK3CA, PTEN</italic> и <italic>TSC1</italic>). Частыми мутациями 3–4-го уровня терапевтической значимости являлись <italic>KDM6A</italic> (61,6%), <italic>ARID1A</italic> (25,0%) и <italic>CDKN2A</italic> (11,4%).</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Исследование с помощью панели NGS на 523 гена подтвердило высокую TMB и низкую частоту микросателлитной нестабильности в опухолевых клетках УК. Наиболее частыми патогенными мутациями, ассоциированными с потенциальными терапевтическими мишенями при УК, являются альтерации <italic>FGFR3, PIK3CA</italic> и <italic>ERBB2</italic>.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>urothelial carcinoma</kwd><kwd>next-generation sequencing</kwd><kwd>mutation profile</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>уротелиальная карцинома</kwd><kwd>секвенирование нового поколения</kwd><kwd>профиль мутаций</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study is conducted as a part of the project of the Moscow Center for Innovative Technologies in Healthcare No. 2002-32/23 dated April 21, 2023.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проводится в рамках проекта Московского центра инновационных технологий в здравоохранении №2002-32/23 от 21.04.2023.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Гладков О.А., Булычкин П.В., Волкова М.И., и др. 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