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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Modern Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Modern Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современная онкология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1815-1434</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1815-1442</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">654052</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/18151434.2024.4.202908</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The molecular basis of thyroid status formation and its role in the initiation and promotion of gastric and colorectal cancer: A review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярные основы формирования тиреоидного статуса и его роль в инициации и промоции рака желудка и толстой кишки</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9681-672X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stanoevich</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Cтаноевич</surname><given-names>Ирина Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доц., врач – акушер-гинеколог хирургического отд. Института клинической эндокринологии, проф. каф. онкологии</p></bio><email>alina.vetrova1999@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9002-1662</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ioutsi</surname><given-names>Vitaliy A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иоутси</surname><given-names>Виталий Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Chem.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. хим. наук, зав. лаб. метаболомных исследований</p></bio><email>alina.vetrova1999@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7747-2784</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lysovolenko</surname><given-names>Natalya L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лысоволенко</surname><given-names>Наталья Леонидовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department Head</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>зав. отд-нием функциональной диагностики, врач-кардиолог, врач функциональной диагностики</p></bio><email>alina.vetrova1999@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3745-0307</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseev</surname><given-names>Ilya E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеев</surname><given-names>Илья Эмзарович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>cardiologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-кардиолог, врач функциональной диагностики</p></bio><email>alina.vetrova1999@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9271-7810</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondrashkina</surname><given-names>Alina D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондрашкина</surname><given-names>Алина Дмитриевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Clinical Resident</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-ординатор каф. онкологии</p></bio><email>alina.vetrova1999@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5996-6024</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyansky</surname><given-names>Maksim B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полянский</surname><given-names>Максим Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, врач-онколог онкологического абдоминального отд-ния</p></bio><email>alina.vetrova1999@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6417-1949</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pis'mennaia</surname><given-names>Ekaterina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Письменная</surname><given-names>Екатерина Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, министр здравоохранения</p></bio><email>alina.vetrova1999@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Endocrinology Research Centre</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kursk State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Курский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ostroverkhov Kursk Oncology Scientific And Clinical Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ОБУЗ «Курский онкологический научно-клинический центр им. Г.Е. Островерхова» Минздрава Курской области</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Health of the Kursk Region</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство здравоохранения Курской области</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Modern Oncology</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Современная онкология</issue-title><fpage>478</fpage><lpage>483</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-07"><day>07</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-02-07"><day>07</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://modernonco.orscience.ru/1815-1434/article/view/654052">https://modernonco.orscience.ru/1815-1434/article/view/654052</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The concept of thyroid status is much broader than assessing the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone, free and bound thyroid hormones in the systemic circulation. It includes features of transport, tissue bioavailability, receptor interaction, metabolism, biomolecular mechanisms of action and inactivation, as well as the physiological or pathophysiological basis of changes in function and the pathomorphological substrate of diseases, including malignancies. Therefore, the question of the mechanisms through which thyroid status influences the processes of tumor initiation and promotion in the gastrointestinal tract is extremely relevant. Regarding colorectal cancer, an ambiguous link between thyroid status has been identified – in some studies, an increase in free T4 concentration and thyrotoxicosis are associated with a decreased risk of developing colon cancer, while in others, the administration of levothyroxine in hypothyroidism had a protective effect. The risk of gastric cancer is elevated in men living in regions with suboptimal or above-normal iodine consumption and suffering from various thyroid pathologies. This paper analyzes modern ideas about pathogenetic relationship between gastric and colon cancer and patients' thyroid status. It presents physiological and biochemical basics of thyroid status formation. Deiodinase expression profile in gastric and colon cancer is stated. The problem of iodine-induced disthyroidoses following radiation procedures using iodine-containing contrasts is described in detail.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Понятие тиреоидного статуса гораздо шире оценки содержания тиреотропного, свободных и связанных тиреоидных гормонов в системном кровотоке и включает особенности транспорта, тканевой биодоступности, рецепции, метаболизма, биомолекулярных механизмов действия и инактивации, а также физиологическую или патофизиологическую основу изменения функции и патоморфологический субстрат болезни, в том числе и злокачественного новообразования. Ввиду этого крайне актуальным является вопрос о механизмах влияния тиреоидного статуса на процессы инициации и промоции опухолей желудочно-кишечного тракта. В отношении колоректального рака прослежена неоднозначная связь тиреоидного статуса: в одних исследованиях повышение концентрации свободного Т4 и тиреотоксикоза связано с уменьшением риска возникновения злокачественных новообразований толстой кишки, в других протективный эффект имело назначение левотироксина при гипотиреозе. Риск рака желудка повышен у мужчин, проживающих в регионах с субоптимальным или верхненормальным потреблением йода и страдающих той или иной тиропатией. В статье освещены физиологические и биохимические основы формирования тиреоидного статуса. Представлены особенности экспрессии дейодиназ при раке желудка и толстой кишки. Подробно изложена проблема йодиндуцированных дистиреозов после проведения лучевых методов исследования с применением йодсодержащих контрастов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thyroid status</kwd><kwd>hypothyroidism</kwd><kwd>hyperthyroidism</kwd><kwd>gastric cancer</kwd><kwd>colorectal cancer</kwd><kwd>deiodinase</kwd><kwd>thyroid-stimulating hormone</kwd><kwd>thyroxine</kwd><kwd>triiodothyronine</kwd><kwd>diiodothyronine</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тиреоидный статус</kwd><kwd>гипотиреоз</kwd><kwd>гипертиреоз</kwd><kwd>рак желудка</kwd><kwd>колоректальный рак</kwd><kwd>дейодиназы</kwd><kwd>тиреотропный гормон</kwd><kwd>тироксин</kwd><kwd>трийодтиронин</kwd><kwd>дийодтиронин</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Fitzgerald SP, Bean NG, Falhammar H, Tuke J. 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