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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Modern Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Modern Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современная онкология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1815-1434</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1815-1442</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">654013</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/18151434.2024.4.202983</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The first experience in Russia of applying a tumor differentiation protocol in a patient with progressive, radioiodine-refractory BRAF-positive papillary thyroid cancer. Case report</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Первый в России опыт применения протокола редифференцировки опухоли у пациента с BRAF+ прогрессирующим, резистентным к радиойодтерапии папиллярным раком щитовидной железы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3220-2438</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3079-8033</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Slashchuk</surname><given-names>Konstantin Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Слащук</surname><given-names>Константин Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, ст. науч. сотр., врач-онколог, эндокринолог отд-ния радионуклидной терапии</p></bio><email>mreinberg911@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7959-9623</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Reinberg</surname><given-names>Marie V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рейнберг</surname><given-names>Мария Валентиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>endocrinologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-эндокринолог, аспирант</p></bio><email>mreinberg911@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2326-1396</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Serzhenko</surname><given-names>Sergei S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Серженко</surname><given-names>Сергей Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>radiologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-радиолог, рентгенолог отд-ния радионуклидной диагностики</p></bio><email>mreinberg911@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3785-0335</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sheremeta</surname><given-names>Marina S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шеремета</surname><given-names>Марина Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, зав. отд-нием радионуклидной терапии, врач-эндокринолог</p></bio><email>mreinberg911@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikiforovich</surname><given-names>Petr A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никифорович</surname><given-names>Петр Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, зам. глав. врача по онкологии, врач-хирург, онколог</p></bio><email>mreinberg911@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Endocrinology Research Centre</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Modern Oncology</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Современная онкология</issue-title><fpage>441</fpage><lpage>446</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-06"><day>06</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-02-06"><day>06</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://modernonco.orscience.ru/1815-1434/article/view/654013">https://modernonco.orscience.ru/1815-1434/article/view/654013</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) has a fairly favorable prognosis and a high overall survival (OS). However, approximately 10-15% of patients develop distant metastases, primarily to the lungs. No uptake of radioactive iodine <sup>131</sup>I during the first course of radioactive iodine therapy (RAI-T) or the absence of a significant response to RAI-T can be noted in 20-50% of patients with advanced forms of the disease, which enables them to be classified as RAI-T-resistant (RAIR). The prognosis for RAIR patients is less favorable, with a 5-year OS of 50%, compared to 10-year OS of up to 98% in nonaggressive forms of DTC. Currently, multikinase inhibitors, mainly targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, are the standard treatment for these patients. However, recent studies suggest that tumor cells can restore the ability to uptake <sup>131</sup>I in the presence of a mutation in the <italic>BRAF</italic> <italic>V600E</italic> gene following prior treatment with BRAF-/MEK inhibitors (tumor redifferentiation). The article presents a case of a 56-year-old patient diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer. During the observation, the disease progression was noted due to the growth of distant metastases to the lungs after two courses of RAI-T with a total activity of <sup>131</sup>I 9.3 GBq, confirming RAIR. Molecular genetic study of the primary tumor tissue block revealed a mutation of the <italic>BRAF V600E</italic> gene. An oncological team board was held at the National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology, and the patient was offered therapy with targeted BRAF-/MEK inhibitors. After 6 weeks of therapy, the diagnostic whole-body scintigraphy with <sup>131</sup>I showed increased uptake in the lungs, prompting a repeated course of high-dose RAI-T with an activity of 7.5 GBq. Six months following treatment, radiological improvement was observed: partial response with a reduction in the size of metastatic lung lesions by 40% at the time of data publication. The patient continued targeted therapy due to the absence of severe adverse events. Thus, BRAF-/MEK inhibitors combined with RIT can be considered as an option in patients with RAIR DTC. This strategy can potentially significantly improve both prognosis and and quality of life in patients with aggressive forms of DTC.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Дифференцированный рак щитовидной железы (ДРЩЖ) характеризуется достаточно благоприятным прогнозом и высокой общей выживаемостью (ОВ), но у 10–15% пациентов могут выявляться отдаленные метастазы, преимущественно в легкие. Отсутствие накопления радиоактивного йода <sup>131</sup>I при 1-м курсе радиойодтерапии (РЙТ) или отсутствие значимого ответа на РЙТ может быть отмечено у 20–50% пациентов с распространенными формами заболевания, что позволяет их классифицировать как резистентных к РЙТ (РЙР). Прогноз для РЙР пациентов менее благоприятный, 5-летняя ОВ составляет 50%, по сравнению с неагрессивными формами ДРЩЖ, для которых 10-летняя ОВ достигает 98%. В настоящее время стандартом лечения данной категории пациентов является применение мультикиназных ингибиторов, направленных в основном на рецептор к эндотелиальному фактору роста сосудов до прогрессирования заболевания или полного ответа на терапию. Однако последние исследования указывают на возможность восстановления способности накопления <sup>131</sup>I опухолевой клеткой при наличии мутации в гене <italic>BRAF V600E </italic>после предварительной таргетной терапии BRAF-/MEK-ингибиторами (редифференцировки опухоли). В статье описан случай 56-летнего пациента с диагностированным папиллярным раком щитовидной железы. За время наблюдения отмечалось прогрессирование заболевания за счет роста отдаленных метастазов в легких, после 2 курсов РЙТ суммарной активностью <sup>131</sup>I 9,3 ГБк подтверждена РЙР. В ходе молекулярно-генетического исследования блоков с первичной опухолью выявлена мутация <italic>V600E</italic> в гене <italic>BRAF</italic>. Проведен онкологический консилиум в ФГБУ «НМИЦ эндокринологии», пациенту предложена терапия таргетными BRAF-/MEK-ингибиторами. Через 6 нед комбинированной таргетной терапии по данным диагностической сцинтиграфии всего тела отмечен повышенный захват <sup>131</sup>I в легких, что свидетельствовало о редифференцировке опухоли и позволило провести повторный курс высокодозной РЙТ активностью 7,5 ГБк. Через 6 мес после лечения отмечалась положительная рентгенологическая динамика: частичный ответ с уменьшением размеров метастатических очагов в обоих легких составил до 40% на момент публикации данных. Учитывая отсутствие выраженных нежелательных явлений, пациент продолжил таргетную терапию с целью подготовки к последующему курсу РЙТ. Таким образом, применение BRAF-/MEK-ингибиторов в комбинации с РЙТ может рассматриваться в качестве опции у пациентов с РЙР ДРЩЖ. Данная стратегия может значительно улучшить прогноз и качество жизни пациентов с агрессивными формами ДРЩЖ.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>differentiated thyroid cancer</kwd><kwd>radioactive iodine therapy resistance</kwd><kwd>BRAF V600E</kwd><kwd>targeted therapy</kwd><kwd>131I</kwd><kwd>redifferentiation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дифференцированный рак щитовидной железы</kwd><kwd>радиойодрезистентность</kwd><kwd>BRAF V600E</kwd><kwd>таргетная терапия</kwd><kwd>131I</kwd><kwd>редифференцировка</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Cavalheiro BG, de Matos LL, Leite AKN, et al. 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