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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Modern Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Modern Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современная онкология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1815-1434</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1815-1442</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">653963</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/18151434.2024.4.202990</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The role of <italic>ESR1</italic> gene mutation in therapy selection for HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer: A review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Значение мутации в гене <italic>ESR1</italic> при выборе терапии HR+/HER2- метастатического рака молочной железы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7492-2030</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Paichadze</surname><given-names>Anna A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пайчадзе</surname><given-names>Анна Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, зав. отд-нием комбинированных методов лечения №1 ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии»</p></bio><email>paiann@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chashnikova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чашникова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Петровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>chemists, individual entrepreneur</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>провизор, индивидуальный предприниматель</p></bio><email>paiann@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0633-1738</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Golubeva</surname><given-names>Sofya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голубева</surname><given-names>Софья Артемовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>oncologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-онколог отд-ния комбинированных методов лечения </p></bio><email>paiann@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Radiological Centre</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Individual entrepreneur</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Индивидуальный предприниматель</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Modern Oncology</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Современная онкология</issue-title><fpage>410</fpage><lpage>413</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-05"><day>05</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-02-05"><day>05</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://modernonco.orscience.ru/1815-1434/article/view/653963">https://modernonco.orscience.ru/1815-1434/article/view/653963</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Estrogen receptors are detected in more than 70% of cases of metastatic breast cancer (mBC). Currently, various hormonal therapy options are used to treat these tumors. However, modern oncology faces an acute problem of acquired resistance to hormonal therapy, including late lines of therapy for HR-positive (HR+) and HER2-negative (HER2-) mBC. The common causes of resistance include mutations in the <italic>ESR1</italic> gene that are usually absent in the primary tumor. These mutations are associated with aggravation of the disease. Until recently, their detection was only of prognostic value and was not taken into account when choosing the treatment regimen. As the new data become available on the role of mutations in the <italic>ESR1</italic> gene and their possible impact on the choice of mBC therapy, it seems appropriate to consider the main criteria for testing and test methods to detect the mutations in routine clinical practice. This review article addresses issues related to optimal treatment for progression of HR+/HER2- mBC during endocrine therapy, taking into account the accumulated data on mutations in the <italic>ESR1</italic> gene. We also consider the available data on the studied oral selective estrogen receptor destructors as drugs that significantly increase survival in late lines of therapy for hormone-dependent tumors.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Экспрессия рецепторов эстрогенов выявляется более чем в 70% случаев метастатического рака молочной железы (мРМЖ). Эндокринотерапия является ключевой опцией лечения пациенток с гормонозависимым (HR+) HER2-негативным (HER2-) мРМЖ, однако проблема развития гормонорезистентности весьма актуальна, особенно на поздних линиях лечения. Одна из распространенных причин резистентности – возникновение мутаций в гене <italic>ESR1</italic>, которые в первичной опухоли обычно отсутствуют. Появление этих мутаций ухудшает течение болезни. До недавнего времени их определение носило лишь прогностическое значение и не учитывалось при выборе лечебного режима. В связи с появлением новых данных о роли мутаций в гене <italic>ESR1</italic> и возможном их влиянии на выбор терапии мРМЖ представляется целесообразным рассмотреть основные критерии для выполнения анализа на мутации в рутинной практике, а также применяемые методики анализа. В обзорной статье затронуты вопросы, касающиеся оптимальных вариантов лечения при прогрессировании HR+/HER2- мРМЖ на фоне эндокринной терапии с учетом накопленных данных о мутациях в гене <italic>ESR1</italic>. Кроме того, рассмотрены имеющиеся данные по исследуемым пероральным селективным деструкторам эстрогеновых рецепторов (SERD), препаратам, существенно повышающим выживаемость на поздних линиях терапии гормонозависимых опухолей.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>metastatic breast cancer</kwd><kwd>hormonal therapy</kwd><kwd>ESR1 gene mutations</kwd><kwd>liquid biopsy</kwd><kwd>ctDNA</kwd><kwd>selective oral estrogen receptor destructors</kwd><kwd>SERD</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>метастатический рак молочной железы</kwd><kwd>гормональная терапия</kwd><kwd>мутации в гене ESR1</kwd><kwd>жидкостная биопсия</kwd><kwd>циркулирующая опухолевая ДНК</kwd><kwd>селективные пероральные деструкторы рецепторов эстрогена</kwd><kwd>SERD</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Martin LA, Riba R, Simigdala N, et al. 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