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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Modern Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Modern Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современная онкология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1815-1434</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1815-1442</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">637323</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/18151434.2025.3.203304</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Development of diabetes mellitus on the background of immunotherapy in patients with malignant neoplasms: A retrospective study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Развитие сахарного диабета на фоне иммунотерапии у пациентов со злокачественными новообразованиями: ретроспективное исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9558-5579</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8220-2854</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyadova</surname><given-names>Marina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лядова</surname><given-names>Марина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.) </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, зав. химиотерапевтическим отд-нием, ассистент каф. онкологии</p></bio><email>dr.lyadova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-4595</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pardabekova</surname><given-names>Olesya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пардабекова</surname><given-names>Олеся Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oncologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-онколог отд-ния химиотерапии</p></bio><email>dr.lyadova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5516-7367</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1079-8460</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorinov</surname><given-names>Denis S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федоринов</surname><given-names>Денис Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oncologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>науч. сотр. центра предиктивной генетики, и.о. зав. онкологическим отд-нием противоопухолевой лекарственной терапии, ассистент каф. онкологии и паллиативной медицины</p></bio><email>dr.lyadova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6646-7454</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonova</surname><given-names>Tatiana G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Галяутдиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Оncologist, Head of Day Hospital</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-онколог, зав. дневным стационаром</p></bio><email>dr.lyadova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4945-9181</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3101-4168</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khachaturian</surname><given-names>Elina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хачатурян</surname><given-names>Элина Артруровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oncologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-онколог, зав. дневным стационаром</p></bio><email>dr.lyadova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9717-1700</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sobolev</surname><given-names>Maxim M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соболев</surname><given-names>Максим Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oncologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-онколог дневного стационара</p></bio><email>dr.lyadova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow State Budgetary Healthcare Institution «Moscow City Hospital named after S.S. Yudin, Moscow Healthcare Department»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ г. Москвы «Городская клиническая больница им. С.С. Юдина Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Novokuznetsk State Institute for Further Training of Physicians – Branch Campus of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Новокузнецкий государственный институт усовершенствования врачей  –  филиал ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Российский научный центр хирургии им. акад. Б.В. Петровского»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Multidisciplinary Clinical Center "Kommunarka"</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Московский многопрофильный клинический центр "Коммунарка" Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>168</fpage><lpage>172</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-10-21"><day>21</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-11-18"><day>18</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://modernonco.orscience.ru/1815-1434/article/view/637323">https://modernonco.orscience.ru/1815-1434/article/view/637323</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> Endocrinopathies are a subset of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICTI) immunotherapy, of which diabetes mellitus (irDM) is one of the most serious.</p> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> To describe peculiarities of DM development against the background of immunotherapy in patients with malignant neoplasms on the example of a series of clinical cases.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> Seven patients with melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer and renal cancer aged 43 to 69 years, who developed DM against the background of immunotherapy (nivolumab, ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab both as monotherapy and combined treatment) were included in the retrospective study.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Partial response was observed in 1 patient, stabilization – in 6 patients. The median of time before the development of DM was 10.13 months. Complications of DM were observed in 4 patients, and other irAEs developed in 5 patients. Fatal outcome was observed in 2 patients, due to progression of the underlying disease (1 patient) and development of coma due to insulin-dependent DM (1 patient).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> IrDM is a rare but extremely serious complication of ICTI therapy that requires clear definition of diagnostic criteria. Identification of premorbid predictors of irDM may allow for targeted treatment trials and earlier detection of this complication of ICTI therapy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Эндокринопатии являются одним их вариантов иммуноопосредованных нежелательных явлений (иоНЯ) на фоне иммунотерапии ингибиторами контрольных точек иммунитета (ИКТИ), среди которых одно из наиболее серьезных – иммуноопосредованный сахарный диабет (иоСД).</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Описать особенности развития СД на фоне иммунотерапии у пациентов со злокачественными новообразованиями на примере серии клинических случаев.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В ретроспективное исследование включены 7 пациентов (4 мужчины, 3 женщины) с меланомой, немелкоклеточным раком легкого и раком почки в возрасте от 43 до 69 лет, у которых на фоне иммунотерапии (ниволумаб, ипилимумаб, пембролизумаб, атезолизумаб как в виде монотерапии, так и в виде комбинированного лечения) развился СД.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Частичный ответ наблюдался у 1 пациента, стабилизация – у 6 пациентов. Медиана времени до манифестации СД составила 10,13 мес (2,07–11,05). Непосредственные осложнения СД имелись у 4 пациентов, другие иоНЯ развились у 5 пациентов. Летальный исход наблюдался у 2 пациентов, в связи с прогрессированием основного заболевания (1 пациент) и развитием комы вследствие инсулинозависимого СД (1 пациент).</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> ИоСД является редким, но крайне серьезным осложнением терапии ИКТИ, которое требует четкого определения диагностических критериев. Выявление предикторов иоСД может позволить проводить целевые исследования методов лечения и выявлять это осложнение ИКТИ-терапии на более ранних стадиях.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>immunotherapy</kwd><kwd>immuno-related adverse events</kwd><kwd>diabetes mellitus</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иммунотерапия</kwd><kwd>иммуноопосредованные нежелательные явления</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Wright JJ, Powers AC, Johnson DB. Endocrine toxicities of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2021;17(7):389-99. DOI:10.1038/s41574-021-00484-3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Yin Q, Wu L, Han L, et al. Immune-related adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors: a review. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1167975. 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