Journal of Modern OncologyJournal of Modern OncologyСовременная онкология1815-14341815-1442LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya5521310.26442/18151434.2021.1.200749CLINICAL ONCOLOGYКЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ОНКОЛОГИЯReview ArticleStomach cancer. Clinical significance of the expression of key components of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpointРак желудка. Клиническая значимость экспрессии ключевых компонентов контрольной точки иммунитета PD-1/PD-L1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6132-9924KovalevaOlga V.КовалеваОльга Владимировна
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Biol.)

канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. лаб.

ovkovaleva@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2312-5546PodlesnayaPolina A.ПодлеснаяПолина Алексеевна
Russian Federation

union researcher

лаборант-исследователь лаб. биологии стромальных клеток опухолей

polina.pod@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2137-1866GratchevAlexei N.ГрачевАлексей Николаевич
Russian Federation

D. Sci. (Biol.)

д-р биол. наук, зав. лаб. биологии стромальных клеток опухолей

alexei.gratchev@gmail.comChangViktor L.ЧангВиктор Луисович
Russian Federation

Senior Lecturer

ст. преподаватель каф. анатомии и оперативной хирургии

ken_baxter@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4045-12476322503576-3592OgnerubovNikolai A.ОгнерубовНиколай Алексеевич
Russian Federation

D. Sci. (Med.), Cand. Sci. (of Law), Prof.

д-р мед. наук, канд. юрид. наук, проф., зав. каф.

ognerubov_n.a@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-4127KushlinskiiNikolai E.КушлинскийНиколай Евгеньевич
Russian Federation

D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Acad. RAS

акад. РАН, д-р мед. наук, проф., зав. лаб. клинической биохимии

biochimia@yandex.ruBlokhin National Medical Research Center of OncologyФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава РоссииDerzhavin Tambov State UniversityФГБОУ ВО «Тамбовский государственный университет им. Г.Р. Державина»Tambov Regional Oncological Clinical DispensaryГБУЗ «Тамбовский областной онкологический клинический диспансер»1905202123112212715122020Copyright ©; 2021, Consilium MedicumCopyright ©; 2021, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"2021Consilium MedicumООО "Консилиум Медикум"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0https://modernonco.orscience.ru/1815-1434/article/view/55213

Stomach cancer is one of the most common tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. In Russia, stomach cancer is ranked fourth in incidence among malignancies and gives ground for lung, breast and colon cancers. Although the success of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors application in clinical practice has been proven in cases of many forms of malignancies, the advantages of application of these types of drugs in cases of stomach cancer has not yet been determined. The purpose of this review is to analyze modern studies concerning the clinical significance of PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in stomach tumors and to find the prospects of immunotherapy these tumors. The large number of studies are currently being described, concerning the analysis of the expression of PD-1, PD-L1 levels in tumor cells and soluble forms of these proteins sPD-1 and sPD-L1 in the serum in patients with stomach cancer. However, their clinical significance is unclear, and in many cases the predictive role of PD-L1 expression for the efficacy of immunotherapy is not yet clearly defined. Further accumulation of knowledge in this area can help to improve the efficacy of existing immunotherapy methods and to develop new predictive criteria.

Рак желудка – одна из широко распространенных опухолей желудочно-кишечного тракта. По выявляемости в России рак желудка занимает 4-е место среди злокачественных новообразований, уступая опухолям легкого, молочной железы и толстой кишки. Несмотря на то, что успех применения ингибиторов PD-1/PD-L1 в клинической практике доказан для многих форм онкологических заболеваний, целесообразность применения данных видов препаратов для случаев рака желудка еще не определена. Целью данного обзора является анализ современных исследований, посвященных клинической значимости экспрессии PD-1 и PD-L1 в опухолях желудка и перспектив иммунотерапии опухолей данной локализации. В настоящее время описано большое количество исследований, посвященных изучению уровней экспрессии PD-1, PD-L1 в опухолевых клетках и растворимых форм данных белков sPD-1 и sPD-L1 в сыворотке крови больных раком желудка. Однако клиническая их значимость неоднозначна, и во многих случаях прогностическая роль экспрессии PD-L1 в эффективности иммунотерапии еще однозначно не определена. Дальнейшее накопление знаний в этой области может помочь повысить эффективность существующих методов иммунотерапии и выработать новые прогностические критерии ее эффективности.

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