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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Modern Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Modern Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современная онкология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1815-1434</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1815-1442</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">109346</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/18151434.2022.2.201431</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL ONCOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ОНКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Prospects for the treatment of neurofibromatosis type 1: A review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Перспективы лечения нейрофиброматоза 1-го типа</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4091-382X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4810-2535</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mustafin</surname><given-names>Rustam N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мустафин</surname><given-names>Рустам Наилевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Biol.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, доц. каф. медицинской генетики и фундаментальной медицины</p></bio><email>ruji79@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bashkir State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-07-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>209</fpage><lpage>215</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-07-14"><day>14</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-07-14"><day>14</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://modernonco.orscience.ru/1815-1434/article/view/109346">https://modernonco.orscience.ru/1815-1434/article/view/109346</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant hereditary tumor syndrome with a prevalence of 1:3000 in human population. About 50% of NF1 cases are sporadic due to newly emerging germline mutations in <italic>NF1</italic> gene. Protein product of <italic>NF1</italic> is a neurofibromin, which inhibits RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK system. The prevalence of <italic>NF1</italic> is increasing as patients are fertile. Therefore, it is important to use rapid diagnostic methods for <italic>NF1</italic> mutations in <italic>NF1</italic> families for prenatal prophylaxis. Mutations in <italic>NF1</italic> gene play roles in sporadic carcinogenesis and in development of cancer resistance to chemotherapy. Specific for NF1 are multiple subcutaneous and cutaneous neurofibromas, age spots, skeletal abnormalities, mental retardation, tumors of the brain and optic nerves. Half of patients with NF1 develop plexiform neurofibromas, which disfigure them or compress vital organs. The difficulty in treating NF1 is due to involvement of immune system, since a large number of degranulating mast cells are found in neurofibromas. Mast cells secrete cytokines that don’t provide a proper anti-tumor immune response, but initiate formation and growth of new neurofibromas. Therefore, long-term administration of ketotiphen was proposed for treatment of NF1 patients. Surgical removal of neurofibromas causes relapses and induction of the growth of new tumors; therefore, it is necessary to develop an effective therapy for NF1. The effectiveness of complex therapy of NF1 with use of ketotiphen, Lydase and Aevit, as well as monotherapy with an ATP-independent inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase, has been described. For widespread clinical implementation of these methods, it is necessary to conduct studies on large sample of patients, as well as to make medicines available for patients. Gene therapy may become promising in the treatment of NF1, which requires identification of the type of mutation in <italic>NF1</italic> gene in each individual and the use of specific microRNAs.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Нейрофиброматоз 1-го типа (НФ1) – аутосомно-доминантный наследственный опухолевый синдром, встречающийся с частотой 1:3000 населения. Около 50% случаев болезни – спорадические, в результате вновь возникшей герминативной мутации в гене <italic>NF1</italic>. Продукт гена – онкосупрессорный белок нейрофибромин, оказывающий негативное регуляторное влияние на систему RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK. Пациенты сохраняют способность к деторождению, и распространенность болезни в человеческой популяции увеличивается. Именно поэтому перспективна разработка быстрых и эффективных методов диагностики мутации <italic>NF1</italic> в семьях с НФ1 для проведения вторичной пренатальной профилактики. Мутации в гене <italic>NF1</italic> играют роль также в спорадическом канцерогенезе и в развитии резистентности злокачественных опухолей к химио- терапии. Характерными проявлениями НФ1 являются множественные подкожные и кожные нейрофибромы, пигментные пятна на теле, скелетные аномалии, умственная отсталость, опухоли головного мозга и зрительных нервов. Серьезная проблема НФ1 – склонные к озлокачествлению плексиформные нейрофибромы, развивающиеся у 50% больных и часто обезображивающие их внешность или сдавливающие жизненно важные органы. Сложность в лечении связана с вовлечением в патогенез НФ1 иммунной системы, поскольку в нейрофибромах обнаруживается большое количество дегранулирующих тучных клеток. Выбрасываемые при этом цитокины не обеспечивают должного противоопухолевого иммунного ответа, но стимулируют образование новых и рост существующих нейрофибром. В связи с этим одним из методов терапии предложен длительный прием кетотифена. Хирургическое удаление нейрофибром сопряжено с рецидивами и индуцированием роста новых опухолей, поэтому необходим поиск новых способов лечения НФ1. Описана комплексная терапия с применением кетотифена, Лидазы и Аевита для подавления роста нейрофибром при НФ1. Показана эффективность терапии опухолей при НФ1 с помощью АТФ-независимого ингибитора митоген-активируемой протеинкиназы. Однако для его широкого внедрения в клинику необходимы исследования на больших выборках больных, а также доступность лекарства для больных. Перспективна генная терапия, для разработки которой необходимы идентификация типа мутации в гене <italic>NF1</italic> у каждого индивида и использование специфических микроРНК.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>malignant neoplasms</kwd><kwd>ketotifen</kwd><kwd>selumetinib</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd><kwd>mitogen-activated protein kinase</kwd><kwd>mutations</kwd><kwd>neurofibromatosis type 1</kwd><kwd>plexiform neurofibromas</kwd><kwd>targeted therapy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>злокачественные новообразования</kwd><kwd>кетотифен</kwd><kwd>селуметиниб</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd><kwd>митоген-активируемая протеинкиназа</kwd><kwd>мутации</kwd><kwd>нейрофиброматоз 1-го типа</kwd><kwd>плексиформные нейрофибромы</kwd><kwd>таргетная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Bai RY, Esposito D, Tam AJ, et al. 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