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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Modern Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Modern Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современная онкология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1815-1434</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1815-1442</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">109317</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/18151434.2022.3.201806</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL ONCOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ОНКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for treatment patients with rectal cancer with adverse prognostic factors: A review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неоадъювантная химиотерапия в лечении больных раком прямой кишки с факторами неблагоприятного прогноза</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5961-2958</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3787-6139</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nevolskikh</surname><given-names>Aleksey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Невольских</surname><given-names>Алексей Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, зам. дир. по лечебной работе, проф. каф. хирургических болезней</p></bio><email>nevol@mrrc.obninsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2678-016X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdeenko</surname><given-names>Violetta A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдеенко</surname><given-names>Виолетта Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка медицинского фак-та</p></bio><email>avdeenko.vita@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4709-1726</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belokhvostova</surname><given-names>Anna S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белохвостова</surname><given-names>Анна Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, врач-онколог отд-ния противоопухолевой лекарственной терапии</p></bio><email>avdeenko.vita@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9449-2135</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhaleva</surname><given-names>Yuliya Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михалева</surname><given-names>Юлия Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oncologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-онколог отд-ния лучевого и хирургического лечения заболеваний абдоминальной области</p></bio><email>avdeenko.vita@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9243-6519</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1858-0968</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pochuev</surname><given-names>Taras P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Почуев</surname><given-names>Тарас Петрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отд-ния лучевого и хирургического лечения заболеваний абдоминальной области</p></bio><email>avdeenko.vita@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5252-0436</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6704-9766</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zibirov</surname><given-names>Ruslan F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зибиров</surname><given-names>Руслан Фяритович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pathologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-патологоанатом патолого-анатомического отд-ния, ст. преподаватель</p></bio><email>avdeenko.vita@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7689-6032</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4264-5167</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>Sergei A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>Сергей Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof. RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>проф. РАН, д-р мед. наук, дир.</p></bio><email>avdeenko.vita@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8784-8415</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaprin</surname><given-names>Andrey D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каприн</surname><given-names>Андрей Дмитриевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Acad. RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>акад. РАН, д-р мед. наук, проф., ген. дир., зав. каф. урологии и оперативной нефрологии с курсом онкоурологии Медицинского института, акад. РАО, чл. Президиума РАН, чл. Президиума РАО, засл. врач РФ</p></bio><email>avdeenko.vita@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Медицинский радиологический научный центр им. А.Ф. Цыба – филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Obninsk Institute for Nuclear Power Engineering</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Обнинский институт атомной энергетики – филиал ФГАОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет “МИФИ“»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">People’s Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Radiological Centre</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-11-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>389</fpage><lpage>398</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-07-14"><day>14</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://modernonco.orscience.ru/1815-1434/article/view/109317">https://modernonco.orscience.ru/1815-1434/article/view/109317</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Rectal cancer (RC) is one of the leading tumor location in the structure of the incidence of malignant neoplasms in the Russian Federation and the world. And the standard approach to the treatment of patients with locally advanced forms of RC is preoperative chemo-radiotherapy (CRT) with delayed surgery. The use of such sort of approach in the recent decades has led to the reduction of the frequency of local recurrence up to 10% and even less. However, approximately a third of patients die of distant metastases. In this regard, one of the main tasks in the treatment of patients with locally advanced forms of RC with adverse prognostic factors is the prevention of distant metastasis formation. Early initiation of the systemic therapy before surgery is aimed at solving this issue. Conducting neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) instead of CRT in RC treatment allows to avoid radiation reactions and injuries, occurring in some patients. Two-component oxaliplatin-containing regimens are the most well studied types of NCT in the treatment of patients with non-metastatic RC. In this connection, despite the differences in the treatment regimens and the number of cycles, a good tolerability of the method as well as no effect on the frequency of postoperative complications and in general a satisfactory results comparable to the effects of CRT were observed. The use of NCT in combination with targeted treatment modalities as well as three-component chemotherapy regimens are promising and encouraging treatment options for patients with RC with adverse prognostic factors.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Рак прямой кишки (РПК) является одной из ведущих локализаций в структуре заболеваемости злокачественными новообразованиями в Российской Федерации и мире. Стандартным подходом к лечению больных с местно-распространенными формами РПК является проведение химиолучевой терапии (ХЛТ) с отсроченным хирургическим вмешательством. Применение такого подхода в последние десятилетия позволило снизить частоту местных рецидивов до 10% и менее. Вместе с тем примерно 1/3 пациентов умирают от отдаленных метастазов. В этой связи одной из основных задач в лечении больных местно-распространенным РПК с неблагоприятными факторами прогноза является профилактика отдаленного метастазирования. Раннее начало системного лекарственного лечения, до выполнения хирургического вмешательства, направлено на решение этой задачи. Проведение неоадъювантной химиотерапии (НАХТ) вместо ХЛТ при РПК позволяет избежать лучевых реакций и повреждений, возникающих у части больных. Двухкомпонентные оксалиплатинсодержащие режимы являются наиболее изученным вариантом НАХТ при лечении больных неметастатическим РПК. При этом, несмотря на различия в применяемых схемах лечения и количестве циклов, отмечаются хорошая переносимость метода, отсутствие влияния на частоту послеоперационных осложнений и в целом регистрируются удовлетворительные результаты, сравнимые с эффектами ХЛТ. НАХТ в сочетании с таргетными препаратами, а также трехкомпонентные режимы химиотерапии являются перспективными и многообещающими схемами лечения больных РПК с неблагоприятными факторами прогноза.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rectal cancer</kwd><kwd>neoadjuvant chemotherapy</kwd><kwd>pathomorphosis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак прямой кишки</kwd><kwd>неоадъювантная химиотерапия</kwd><kwd>патоморфоз</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Каприн А.Д., Старинский В.В., Шахзадова А.О. Злокачественные новообразования в России в 2019 году (заболеваемость и смертность). М.: МНИОИ им. П.А. Герцена – филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии» Минздрава России, 2020; c. 9-10 [Kaprin AD, Starinskii VV, Shakhzadova AO. Zlokachestvennye novoobrazovaniia v Rossii v 2019 godu (zabolevaemost' i smertnost'). Moscow: MNIOI im. 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