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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Modern Oncology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Modern Oncology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современная онкология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1815-1434</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">1815-1442</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">LLC Obyedinennaya Redaktsiya</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">104612</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/18151434.2022.3.201699</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL ONCOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ОНКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">CAR NK-сells for the treatment of hematological malignancies: A review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>CAR NK-клетки и возможность их использования для лечения гематологических новообразований</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7757-318X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">6603351859</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1559-3870</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gribkova</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грибкова</surname><given-names>Ирина Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, вед. науч. сотр. научно-клинического отд.</p></bio><email>igribkova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of Moscow Healthcare Department</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУ города Москвы «Научно-исследовательский институт организации здравоохранения и медицинского менеджмента Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-11-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>331</fpage><lpage>335</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-03-10"><day>10</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://modernonco.orscience.ru/1815-1434/article/view/104612">https://modernonco.orscience.ru/1815-1434/article/view/104612</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Hematological malignant neoplasms include more than a hundred different subtypes and account for about 4.8% of all neoplastic diseases in Russia. Despite significant advances in diagnosis and treatment, many of them remain incurable. In recent years, cell-based therapy appears to be a promising approach to the treatment of these incurable hematologic malignancies, showing striking results in various clinical trials. The most studied and advanced cell therapy is the therapy with T-lymphocytes modified with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR). However, although the US Food and Drug Administration has approved CAR T cells for the treatment of B-cell lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, significant problems remain in terms of production, cost, and serious side effects. An alternative to the use of T cells can be the use of innate immune cells, in particular natural killer cells (NK), which have a high antitumor potential. Recent studies have shown the antitumor efficacy of a therapy that uses genetically modified natural killer cells – CAR NK cells. The purpose of this review was to describe and systematize the experience of using CAR NK cells for the treatment of hematological neoplasms. The review presents the advantages and disadvantages of this method, as well as the problems that still have to be solved for its widespread introduction into clinical practice.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Гематологические злокачественные новообразования включают в себя более 100 различных подтипов и составляют около 4,8% от всех опухолевых заболеваний в России. Несмотря на значительные успехи в диагностике и лечении, многие из них связаны с плохим прогнозом. В последние годы клеточная терапия представляется многообещающим подходом к лечению неизлечимых гематологических злокачественных новообразований, показывая поразительные результаты в различных клинических испытаниях. Наиболее изученной и показавшей значимые клинические результаты клеточной терапией является терапия Т-лимфоцитами с химерными антигенными рецепторами (CAR Т-лимфоциты или CAR Т-клетки, от англ. СAR – chimeric antigen receptor). Управление по контролю пищевых продуктов и лекарств в США (Food and Drug Administration) одобрило применение CAR T-клеток для терапии В-клеточных лимфом и В-клеточных острых лимфобластных лейкозов. Однако остаются значительные проблемы, связанные с производством, стоимостью и серьезными побочными эффектами данного метода лечения. Альтернативой применения Т-клеток может стать использование клеток врожденного иммунитета, в частности натуральных киллеров (NK), обладающих высоким противоопухолевым потенциалом. В исследованиях последних лет показана противоопухолевая эффективность терапии, в которой используются генетически модифицированные натуральные киллеры – CAR NK-клетки. Целью данного обзора является описание и систематизация опыта использования CAR NK-клеток для лечения гематологических новообразований. В обзоре представлены преимущества и недостатки данного метода, а также проблемы, которые еще предстоит решить для его широкого внедрения в клиническую практику.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hematological malignancies</kwd><kwd>CAR NK-cell therapy</kwd><kwd>chimeric antigen receptor</kwd><kwd>adoptive therapy</kwd><kwd>immunotherapy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гематологические злокачественные новообразования</kwd><kwd>CAR NK-клеточная терапия</kwd><kwd>химерный антигенный рецептор</kwd><kwd>адоптивная терапия</kwd><kwd>иммунотерапия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Каприн А.Д., Старинский В.В., Петрова Г.В., и др. Злокачественные новообразования в России в 2018 году (заболеваемость и смертность). М.: МНИОИ им. П.А. 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