编号 5 (2024)

Modern construction of a developed underground space requires a mandatory assessment of the impact on the surrounding buildings, that is, the determination of the so-called additional settlement. At the moment, there are clear methods for assessing the impact of digging pits and static loading of foundations from newly erected buildings on neighboring structures, carried out using numerical calculation methods. However, difficulties arise in determining additional settlement under technological influences, such as vibration immersion and vibration extraction of the sheet piling of a pit, as well as with various technologies for the manufacture of pile foundations. Modern building codes do not provide clear methods for such cases, although in practice process settlement can account for more than 70% of the total additional settlement of the building during the entire construction period. In this study, the authors present an analytical and numerical approach to calculating technological settlement from vibratory sheet pile extraction, which correlates well with observed real-world results.

The article describes trends in the development of underground construction from the point of view of its industrialization. In recent years there have been prerequisites for increasing the speed and volume of industrialization and application of large-sized reinforced concrete modules of factory production along with monolithic reinforced concrete both in aboveground and underground construction. Group of Companies “MonArch” is realizing the project of a low-rise residential building with a underground floor in modular design at current time. The aspects of underground floor design with use of large-size factory-made reinforced concrete modules are presented. As part of the Roadmap approved by the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation, it is planned to update a number of existing regulatory and technical documents aimed at simplifying design and survey work and the construction of modular buildings. Specialists of departments and leading organizations of the construction complex continue a number of studies aimed at improving existing and developing new calculation methods for buildings and structures made of large-sized modules. The results of the calculation of end and row modules of the underground floor on the spatial model by the finite element method are presented. The implementation of the idea of underground urbanistics using large-sized modules in modern conditions is possible and promising. Large-size modules are not inferior in their reliability to conventional building structures.

The principles of the formation of comfortable and modern-compliant complexes and buildings of dormitories for nonresident and foreign university students are considered. Often, dormitories of universities in the Russian Federation do not have the proper level of comfort for living. Students are a unique category of housing consumers, they have high potential and limited financial resources. To determine the directions for improving the architectural and urban planning organization of housing for students of higher educational institutions, taking into account modern requirements, a sociological study was conducted, as a result of which a hierarchy of needs of students living in temporary housing was revealed; the most significant parameters of buildings and service infrastructure were determined, taking into account the socio-demographic characteristics of residents; the main requirements imposed by students on infrastructure were determined the campus of a higher educational institution; the necessity of an integrated approach to the organization of the university campus was confirmed.

Creating a virtual building model in BIM allows you to set not only the geometric parameters of the elements, but also the characteristics of the materials. At the same time, the application of BIM in historical buildings can be difficult due to the complexity and variety of geometric shapes and materials. In this regard, an important criterion for choosing software is the simplicity of setting the basic parameters necessary to solve specific tasks. The creation of a digital model of a historical building significantly expands the capabilities of the designer and allows you to find non-standard ways to solve the tasks set, at the same time to be confident in the reality of the implementation of design solutions. At the same time, standard BIM tools are focused on modern buildings and may not take into account the complexity of the geometry of a historical building. The need to create historical structures, such as wooden floor slabs or vaulted elements, may be associated with significant difficulties when creating in a BIM environment in various software packages.