Медь в почве агроэкосистем виноградников: современный взгляд на проблему

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Проблема меди в почвах виноградников и других типах плантационно-садовых агроэкосистем не нова, однако, громко заявив о себе в научных исследованиях второй половины XX века, она так и осталась нерешенной. За последние десятилетия острота данной проблемы не только не исчезла, но и приобрела новые черты. С одной стороны, в России и мире произошли существенные изменения в социально-экономической сфере, появились современные научно-технологические подходы, которые изменили структуру винодельческой отрасли, сформировали новые тенденции к спросу и предложению, способствовали внедрению альтернативных типов землепользования, модернизированных агротехнологий выращивания винограда и его переработки. С другой стороны, усугубились старые и появились новые экологические вызовы, такие как глобальные изменения климата, оказывающие существенное влияние на устойчивость производства качественной продукции виноградарства и виноделия, для смягчения последствий которых требуются комплексные адаптационные подходы и инновационные агротехнологические решения. В настоящем обзоре обсудили результаты исследований за последние 25 лет, главным образом зарубежных авторов, позволяющие взглянуть на проблему меди в почве виноградников, исходя из современных представлений о путях и масштабах ее накопления, физико-химических превращениях и миграции в почве ампелоценозов. Приведены наиболее актуальные и обсуждаемые в научной литературе вопросы относительно влияния отдельных природных и агрогенных факторов на величину аккумуляции меди в почвах ампелоценозов. Рассмотрены уже реализованные и потенциальные пути смягчения негативных последствий загрязнения почв медью, направленные на ограничение и оптимизацию применения медьсодержащих препаратов, внедрение в виноградарстве почвосберегающих агротехнологий, рекультивацию загрязненных медью почв, а также замену фунгицидов на основе меди альтернативными препаратами для реализации устойчивых стратегий защиты растений, безопасных для окружающей среды.

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И. В. Андреева

Российский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА им. К.А. Тимирязева

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: i.andreeva@rgau-msha.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6686-881X
Scopus Author ID: 57203401601
ResearcherId: AAE-1094-2022
Россия, 127434 Москва, Тимирязевская ул., 49

В. В. Габечая

Российский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА им. К.А. Тимирязева

Email: i.andreeva@rgau-msha.ru
Россия, 127434 Москва, Тимирязевская ул., 49

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2. Рис. 1. Мелкоструйчатый размыв почвы на колеях магистральной дороги виноградника в автономном крае Воеводина Республики Сербия после продолжительных ливневых осадков (фото И.В. Андреевой).

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3. Рис. 2. Наносы в нижней части склона виноградника в автономном крае Воеводина Республики Сербия после продолжительных ливневых осадков (фото И.В. Андреевой).

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